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Modern agriculture intensification of agricultural biodiversity simplistic agricultural system instability increasing attention, increase agricultural biological genetic diversity and species diversity, reduce agrochemicals into agro-ecological research hotspot. Uneven natural conditions for agricultural production and productivity levels, and diverse agricultural production and farming. The original ecological agriculture, traditional agriculture and modern intensive agriculture co-exist, and mingled with penetration, the formation of a rich variety of agricultural systems, such as species diversity mixed cropping patterns, multiple species coexistence planting mode, Effects and mechanisms of these modes on promote the use and protection of agricultural biodiversity is of great significance. Therefore, this study has a history of 1,200 years Globally Important Agricultural Heritage traditional rice-fish system, for example, through field trials and observational studies of the effect and mechanism of the interaction of species in the rice-fish system, and achieved the following major findings: the rice fish productivity of the interaction effect from the the rice production point of view, the planting of the rice field of fish farming plots with rice tillers (hereinafter referred to as \hereinafter referred to as \, Rice fish small fish growth was significantly higher than the kinds of rice processing only to raise the field of fish of the same species cell (hereinafter referred to as \referred to as the \reduced by 13.79% and 36.28%. The 2 rice fish interaction insects, weed control effect of rice cells was significantly higher than the number of planthopper insect population rice-fish plot. Compared with the rice-growing district, rice fish cell population density decreased 48.84%. The survey found that the rice fields of the main weed species the barnyard leather, wild water chestnuts, Salvinia natans, Leptochloa and Benn grass types, weed species composition among the treatments no difference, but significant differences in weed density, weeds in rice-growing cell density was significantly higher than rice fish cell. After the rice harvest, the total biomass of weeds in rice cell 56.01g / m 2 , and the total biomass of weeds in rice fish cell is only 6.14 g / the m 2 , compared with the rice-growing district, rice fish cell weed biomass decreased 89.05%. The rice fish the micro-environment interaction effects in the rice-growing period during the hot season, the temperature of the water field test showed that rice-growing district, of rice fish cell in the observation of the morning, noon and evening the three periods of low water temperature During the fish community. Compared with fish cell, the rice cell in the early afternoon, evening segment water temperature dropped by an average of 0.43 ° C, 2.60 ° C and 0.78 ° C. Surface light intensity also significantly reduced compared with fish district, near the surface of the water in the the rice fish cell line light intensity was significantly lower, to reduce the average 1820-2800μmol. m -2 . s -1 . Rice-fish plot of dissolved oxygen than the rice-growing district an increase of 13.25%, a significant increase in the dissolved oxygen content than fish cells. Modern varieties and traditional varieties of rice-fish system performance the agronomic and anti-Cordyceps traits see resistance of hybrid rice Cordyceps potential and tillers, plant height traits superior to the traditional local varieties, but at lower fertilizer, pesticide inputs under hybrid rice production in addition to significantly higher than traditional local varieties of red rice, compared with other traditional varieties no significant difference. Traditional varieties, glutinous rice and japonica showed strong insect, grass, red rice due to the tiller is weak, plant height, leaf angle is small, weed suppression ability is weak.
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