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Objective: In order to explore effect of dendritic cells (DCs) after HIFU treatment mice bearing H22 hepatic carcinoma , we detected changes of DCs. And DCs pulsed HSP70-peptide complex in vitro purified from HIFU-treated H22 hepatic carcinoma, were subcutaneously injected into the same species mice as a tumor vaccine for the purpose of immune activation, specific anti-tumor immune activities were subsequently measured in the mice.Methods: This study consists of three parts as follows: (1) Twenty C57BL/6J mice bearing H22 hepatic carcinoma were randomized to HIFU group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Spleen lymphocytes were harvested from either mice after ultrasound exposurein HIFU group, or mice without any treatment in control group after 14 days. Using flow cytometer detected CD80/CD86 CD205/CDllc of mature DCs surface. (2)Fifty C57BL/6J normal mice were randomized to five groups: group A (n=10), in which RPMI1640 -DC vaccine (1 X 105) was injected; group B (n=10), in which HIFU-treated S180 tumor’s HSP70-peptide complex- DC vaccine was inoculated; group C (n=10), in which H22 tumor supernatant- DC vaccine was injected; group D (n=10), in which HIFU-treated -H22 tumor supernatant -DC vaccine was injected; group E (n=10), in which HIFU-treated H22 tumor’s HSP70-peptide complex- DC vaccine was inoculated. They were subcutaneously injected the DC vaccine as inoculation on the first third and fifth days. Spleen lymphocytes were extracted from ten mice in each group on the 7th days, and MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against H22 tumor cells. Supernatant of spleen lymphocytes culture with H22 hepatic carcinoma cells was detect TNF-a INF-r by ELISA. (3) One hundred C57BL/6J normal mice were randomized to five groups, the five groups DC vaccines were subcutaneously injected as inoculation on the first third and fifth days. Spleen lymphocytes were extracted from ten mice in each group on the 7th-10th days, and MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against H22 tumor cells.The remaining 10 mice in each group received tumor attack from a subcutaneous injection of 2X 106 H22 cells, and then followed up for the evaluation of tumor growth rate, tumor volume, metastasis, survival curve and survival rate.Results: (1) The surface Molecules of CD80/CD86 CD205/CDllc of HIFU group and control group were 4.03±1.36% 2.02±0.83% and 2A4±2A4%, 1.47±1.12% after HIFU treating 14 days. HIFU group was higher than control group (P<0.05). (2) CTL cytotoxicity rates against H22 tumor cells in group A, B, C, D, and E were 13.14±2.67% 14.08±3.66%, 29.87±3.64% 45.04±3.29% and 57.08±5.02% respectively which were significantly different between D E and A B C. The TNF_a INF_r of A, B, C, D, and E groups were 12.64±8.46pg/ml 54.55±6.64pg/ml 27.18±12.62pg/ml 39.72±9.25pg/ml and 53.9±7.76pg/ml ; 82.15±13.15pg/ml 258.06±21.12pg/ml 178.39±15.17pg/ml 214.38±20.84pg/ml and 259.23±17.12pg/ml respectively, after the mice were immunity inoculated 7th days. E and B were higher than that in the rest (P<0.05). (3)CTL cytotoxicity rates against H22 tumor cells in group A, B, C, D and E were 11.50±2.37% 12.21±2.33% 22.69±2.90% 36.17±4.69% and 54.05±7.65% respectively. The rates were significant higher in group E than those in the remaining four groups (P<0.05). Afterreceiving a subcutaneous injection of 2X 106 H22 cells, during the first week, tumor growth was observed in 70% of mice in group A, 80% in group B, 70% in group C, 20% in group D, and 20% in group E respectively. Five-week metastasis survival rates were 70% in group A, 50% in group B, 60% in group C, 60%in group D, and 30% in group E, respectively. Seven-week survival rates were 0 in group A, 0 in group B, 0 in group C, 0 in group D, and 70% in group E, respectively.Conclusions: (1) Mature DCs rose after HIFU treatment. It may be reason that tumor antigen be expressed high at tumor coagulation nec
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