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This thesis, guided by microbial zymology, phytochemistry and theory of chemical separation, deals with the antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of extracts from fermented liquor and mycelia of two higher fungi Laetiporus sulphureus and Coprinus cinereus in the elementary stage, then deals with the isolation, purification and determination of chemical components of Ethyl acetate extracts from fermented liquor and mycelia of Coprinus cinereus which showed better bioactivity than Laetiporus sulphureus did.The following are the results of the study.The fermented broth of Laetiporus sulphureus was tested by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that Ethyl acetate extract with different concentration from the fermented broth had noticeable antimicrobial activity against 7 kinds of tested bacteria, Rhizopus nigricans and 8 kinds of plant pathogens,and the higher concentration,the stronger antimicrobial was,excepting against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Rhizopus nigricans and Verticillicum dahliae.while the n-Butanol extract alse exhibited significant activity on 3 kinds of bacteria,3 kinds of moulds and 5 kinds of pathogens.with the increaseing of tested concentration,the antimicrobial activity increased except on Aspergillus niger,Monilia fructigena, but the inhibitory effects kept the same on Bacillus mesentericus.The fermented mycelia and broth of Coprinus cinereus were tested f by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method and Mycelia Grow Inhibition method for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that Ethyl acetate extract with different concentration from mycelia had obvious antimicrobial activity against 9 kinds of bacteria, 9 kinds of plant pathogens, and the higher concentration, the stronger antimicrobial was, excepting on Bacterium prodigious and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.While the n-Butanol extract with different concentration exhibited better activity on 10 kinds of pathogens, weaker activity on 8 kinds of bacteria than the Ethyl acetate extract did. The Ethyl acetate and n-Butanol extracts with different concentration from fermented broth exhibited certain activity against 10 kinds of plant pathogens.The antifeeding and insecticidal activities of different polar solvent extracts from fermented mycelia and broth were tested by Leaf Disc method. Results showed that the fermentation extracts of Laetiporus sulphureus and Coprinus cinereus showed the same antifeeding activities against the third instar larvae of Mythimna separata, and both the antifeeding rate displayed weak. The Ethyl acetate extracts from the fermenthing broth and mycelia of Coprinus cinereus displayed better toxic activities than that of Laetiporus sulphureus did, the morality rate of which in 3d surpassed 50% and 4d surpassed 70% on Mythimna separata.Seven compounds were isolated from the Ethyl acetate extracts of mycelia and fermented broth of Coprinus cinereus by means of silica gel and reverse phase(RP-18) silica-gel colum chromatography,and were further purified by Sephedex LH-20.Among them four compounds were identified.Compound W-1’s structure was identified by direct comparison with authentic sample as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one.the other compounds’structures were elucidated on the analysis of their spectral data(MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR and DEPT) and compared with the references.They were ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol(W-2), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(W-3) and a new macrolactin ( (E)- 2- hexl -2,3,4,4a,7,8,9,10-octahydro-9,10,12a-trihydroxypyrano-[3,2-b]oxecin-6(12aH)-one ) (W-7), in which compounds W-2, W-3 and W-7 were isolated from Coprinus cinereus firstly.Fraction J1, J2 and F1 which were isolated from the Ethyl acetate extracts, were analyzed by GC-MS, The result showed that six fatty acids were defined from mycelia, in which contained unsaturated fatty acids (93.35%), palmitic acid (13.84%), stearic acid (2.81%).five fatty acids were defined from fermented broth, in which contained unsaturated fatty acids (64.99%), palmitic acid (25.30%) and stearic acid (9.67%).Four identified compounds had some inhibition activity against five kinds of bacteria, in which compounds W-2 and W-7 behaved obvious inhibition effect on tested bacteria, but compounds W-1 and W-3 had no effect excepting on Staphylococcus aureus.
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