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The geographical environment is relatively closed, the water resource system is relatively independent, the total water resource quantity is relatively poor, the ecological environment is relatively fragile, the surface water and groundwater mutual conversion is complex, the evaporation loss quantity is relatively large in Northwest typical inland river catchment. In recent years, with the irrigated agriculture area expanded in upstream and middle oasis , the water conservancy construction built, the water resource largely consumed, it not only led to natural oasis vegetation degradation and vanish in large scale, the land desertification rapid development, and salinization of land expansion, but also led to basin valuable groundwater resource substantial reduction. Therefore, based on the transformation law of water resource and change law of ecological environment affected by natural conditions and human activities , established the model of reasonable developing the water resources, and achieved the sustainable development coordination relation between the development and utilization of water resource and protection of the ecological environment is the papers main goal.The papers takes the Northwest typical inland river catchment Manas river catchment as a example, through field visiting the studying area, systematical analyzing the researched achievement and the collecting information, from the statistical drill information, remote sensing interpreted information, water chemistry, water environment isotope testing information, we had comprehensively analysed the groundwater system regional tectonic setting and groundwater storage characteristics in Manas River catchment and the buried and distribution features, the main hydrogeological characteristics, water chemical characteristics, water resources transformation law, and coordination relation between water resource and ecological environment. According to the status of groundwater exploitation and the existent problem in studying area, acting social and economic and environmental sustainable development, sustainable exploitation of water resource as a principle, and promoting the scientific and rational pattern of groundwater exploitation and countermeasure benefit for water resource sustainable and ecological environment protection in exploiting and developing water resource. Divided the important oasis area in Manas river catchment into four pattern areas: the first pattern area is exploit the shallow groundwater mostly; the second pattern area is exploit the surface water mostly, use well and channal together; the third pattern area is protect the groundwater, the fourth pattern area is exploit the surface water and the groundwater united. And the same time, present the countermeasure about the groundwater exploitation and development ecology-environmental protection, so it is: firstly, we should enhance the consciousness about the significance of the sustainable development further, take the ecology-environment protection as the important target; secondly we should properly increase groundwater exploitation, but combine the exploitation and the conservation, and keep it balance, and sustainable exploit; thirdly, we should mainly exploit the shallow groundwater, properly exploit the deep groundwater, combine the salt water exploitation and fresh water exploitation, bring into play the ecological environment coordination role of the groundwater, and improve the salina and desert land effectively, fourth, we should conform the law of surface water and groundwater repetitious transformed each other, improve the rate of integrated utilize water resources; fifth, we should strengthen the ecology-environment protection in forest resource, improve the forest covering rate.In short, the pattern and the countermeasure about reasonable exploitation groundwater and environmental protection in Northwest typical inland river catchment has important theoretical meaning and actual application value to resolve the current short water resource and fragile ecological environment in Northwest inland regions, it is a expedient countermeasure.
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