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This article through field survey, combined with the finishing of the specimens and data types of wild orchid plant germplasm resources in Jiangxi province, resource abundance, geographic distribution, floristic composition and characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software use distance and cluster analysis of the contrast between the seven nature reserves in the province and around the six provinces between Orchidaceae. Designed to provide data to support and theoretical basis for the protection and management, and sustainable use of wild orchid plants in Jiangxi. The results were as follows: wild orchids in 58 genera and 149 species of ground orchids in Jiangxi Province, a total of 35 genera and 90 species; Secondly, there are 17 genera and 49 species of epiphytic orchid; the saprophytic orchid distribution is less, only 9 of the 10 species. Calanthe is a the different hook away from Calanthe new variant; the calyx ridges Cymbidium (Sedirea), Line column Cymbidium (Zeuxine), the Pleione genus (Aphyaorchis) and pots from the Cymbidium (Gastrochilus) 4 genera for a new distribution of the genus; big flower no column blue (the Amito stigma pinguiculum), single lip Pleione (Aphyaorchis, simplex), Alisma Calanthe (Calanthe alismaefolia), silver with Calanthe (C. argenteo- striata), Taiwan's kiss Lan (Collabium formosanum), green piebald Pleione (Goodyera viridiflora), little the spot yelan (G. yangmeishanensis) the white the rib line column Lan (Z. goodyeroide), Luo River Dendrobium (Dendrobium lohohense) Guangdong Dendrobium (D. wilsonii) the Siheung Dendrobium (D. shixingense,), Eguchi pots distance the blue (Gastrochilus nanus), short stem calyx ridge the blue (Sedirea subparishii) the large root orchid (Cymbidium macrorhizon) 14 new distribution of species. Orchidaceae are widely distributed in Jiangxi Province, and on the horizontal distribution of Orchidaceae individuals in larger quantities and the relative concentration distribution in the Luoxiao Nanling Mountains, Wuyi Mountains; vertical distribution, mainly distributed in altitude 400-1200 lots of m. The the Jiang Xi Lanke flora complex composition, a total of 11 distribution types and two variants; floristic composition of tropical ingredients in the case of 63.8% of the total genera, the Jiang Xi Lanke flora tropical nature. Floristic elements of Cymbidium (Cymbidium), the the genus Liparis (Liparis), Bulbophyllum (Bulbophyllum) spot Pleione genus (Goodyera), Calanthe the Cymbidium (Calanthe), Yufeng spend genus (Habenaria), Dendrobium Sw. (Dendrobium) and Platanthera Cymbidium (Platanthera) is an important part; in single genus proportion, reached 44.8% of the total genera, young derivatives region. As can be seen from the vertical distribution pattern: orchid plant species, of low-altitude performance strong tropical ingredients, the distribution of high-altitude subtropical and temperate species more performance for ingredients. Cluster analysis showed Jinggangshan, Qiyunshan Jiulianshan poly for a the Lushan Mountains and Guanshan clustered into a the Wuyishan separate one; the Orchidaceae in Jiangxi and Fujian relationship most closely, Hunan, Anhui, Hubei and Zhejiang clade, Guangdong alone one.
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