|
The Loess Plateau is the best suitable area of ??Apple. However, due to the constraints of water and fertilizer, Fuji apple production in the region is low and unstable. To this end, this paper adopts the thermal diffusion sap flow meter method Apple stem sap flow changes in the a dynamic continuous monitoring of a three-year, to explore the Transpiration law designed for regional apple production to provide the necessary water and fertilizer management based on. Through research and analysis, to draw the following basic conclusions: (1) there are big differences under different weather conditions stem sap flow. Sunny apple tree transpiration rate changes showed a single peak curve; cloudy, transpiration rate changes in the performance of multi-peak curve; rainy day, the diurnal variation of transpiration rate was irregular multi-peak curve characteristics. Cloudy, rainy day overall transpiration rate value below a sunny day, the start-up time than a sunny day lag. (2) apple trees of each month's average transpiration rate has a significant circadian variation, a month basically showed a single peak curve. But the apple trees of different physiological conditions and weather, the start and end times of the monthly transpiration rate, maximum, and minimum and maximum and minimum values ??appear time have some differences. (3) The average daily transpiration rate variation apple trees within one year showed a single peak curve. 2008 average daily transpiration rate of 0.59L / h; year 2009 average daily transpiration rate of 0.65L / h; 2010 daily average transpiration rate for 0.69L / h. The apple tree day cumulative curve was \In 2008 an average day transpiration 14.32mm; 2009 annual average day transpiration 14.34mm; 2010 annual average day transpiration 14.37mm. (4) apple tree transpiration showed significant diurnal characteristics. The daily transpiration reached in July and August, the annual maximum. 5,6,7,8 months in a year, the apple trees need water period, at a time when young fruit enlargement period, transpiration largest. (5) Transpiration of in precipitation and full irrigation conditions in different months of the performance of its start time, peak time and basically similar trend. However, the size of the peak and the daily transpiration have some differences. Within a year, the potential transpiration quantity than transpiration large irrigation treatments, especially transpiration amount of difference in July. In 2008, no irrigation conditions under the apple tree years transpiration than under full irrigation conditions less 127.36mm; 2009 the year less 168.59mm. 2010 less 138.30mm. (6) on the pilot year, monthly transpiration of apple trees of different fertilizer treatments in the May-October performance of organic fertilizer applied 95kg / strains, followed by Shi 150kg / strains organic fertilizer, again Shi 40kg / strains organic fertilizer, minimal to no fertilizer, fertilization in other months less affected. Transpiration of apple trees of different fertilizer treatments in young fruit, the enlargement period the biggest difference, other growth cycle fertilization. Monthly transpiration of apple trees (7) processing W2 (urea 1kg / strains, superphosphate 1.75kg / strains, potassium sulfate 1.25kg / strain), almost all year is greater than the processing W1 (urea 1.5kg / strains, hyperphosphorylation calcium 2kg / strains, potassium sulfate 1.25kg / strain). Apple trees applied inorganic fertilizer monthly evapotranspiration greater than fertilization. The W1 apple trees in 2008 years transpiration ratio processing W2 less 297.06mm. In 2009, less 157.48mm. In 2010, less 275.08mm. Processing W2's apple tree to better absorb water, reducing the amount of water deficit. (8) on the pilot year, the precipitation is difficult to meet the potential transpiration demand of the apple tree. 2008 2,6,9 month, in 2,5,7,8,9,11 January 2009, as well as 2010 4,7,8,9,10 month water supply and demand balance. The contradictions of water supply and demand relationship in other months, should strengthen water supply. In 2008, the full irrigation treatment yield per plant than no irrigation treatment under a 11.70kg; 2009, the former more than the latter 5.16kg; 2010, the former more than the latter 15.45kg. Satisfy the apple tree growth and development of water through irrigation, can increase the apple tree production.
|