|
From silk butterfly species, populations, communities start to carry out the butterflies in southern Gansu, point, line, surface multi-angle multi-level research. First, the use of field observations, quadrat surveys and other methods studied reared endemic to China monarch Parnassiidae (Parnassius imperator Oberthur) the biological characteristics and habitat needs, determine the impact of the main factors of its population distribution; Secondly, the use of line transect France investigated under different habitat conditions and butterfly Parnassius species diversity, and to analyze the vegetation, altitude and other environmental factors on butterfly communities affected, and part of Parnassiidae local endangered species were assessed; once again, through a comprehensive census Gansu Province in the southern region of the floristic composition of butterflies, combined with topography, climate and vegetation in southern Gansu butterflies for zoning analysis; Finally, southern Gansu and butterfly Parnassius protective measures. The main results are as follows: 1, the monarch Parnassiidae biology and habitat needs one) is Parnassiidae monarch butterfly species endemic to China, distributed in China's Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet. In Gansu Linxia Yongjing 1 year generations to eggs overwinter. In mid-March next year host plants gray green yellow Corydalis Corydalis adunca Maxim germination, Parnassiidae synchronized hatching eggs. 4th instar larvae, with an average duration of 52 days, four months late instar larvae of two peak periods. An average of 47 days the pupal stage. May initially reflected in the adult, mid-July to mid-August is the peak of adults to late September is still visible adult activities. Egg stage is generally eight months. 2) Monarch Parnassiidae in southern Gansu Province, the suitable area is very wide, from an altitude of 1900m to 3600m has its distribution, mainly in the bare rock and scree mountain areas such activities. Monarch Parnassiidae Gansu Linxia Yongjing sulcus habitat is a dominant species whose larvae live in the sunny, dry climate, a large number of host plants sunny and semi-sunny. Monarch butterfly and its host plant silk gray green yellow pansy is endemic in China, they are in the country and the distribution of Gansu province were very consistent, indicating that the co-evolution between the two very close relationship. 3) in the Pro Xiayong Jing County and the city of Gannan cooperation monarch Parnassiidae distribution are two subspecies in Yongjing County sulcus region is occurring monarch Parnassiidae Lanzhou subspecies P.imperator gigas Kotsch, occurred in the city is in cooperation Monarch Parnassiidae Qilian subspecies P.imperator regulus (Bryk et Eisner). 4) extreme climate anomalies affecting populations Parnassiidae year monarch main factors, human disturbance activity is monarch Parnassiidae constitute a greater threat to the survival of the main factors. 2, silk butterfly species diversity of a) Parnassiidae high altitudes and high latitudes distribution butterflies representative. Gansu, Qinghai and Gansu is located in the southern mountainous region, the Loess Plateau transition zone is concentrated Parnassiidae one of the areas identified in this study in the area there is a butterfly Parnassius Section 15 species, accounting for the total number of species distributed in China 41 kinds of 36.6%. 2) line transect survey results show that the southern region of Gansu Parnassiidae more obvious vertical distribution of sub-alpine snow sparse vegetation, subalpine shrub meadow, mountain forest steppe and mountain steppe zone are Parnassiidae distribution. The habitat diversity and Parnassius butterfly diversity trends inconsistent. As the altitude increases, Parnassiidae Section S species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed a gradual upward trend (R2 = 0.991, p lt; 0.05), while the butterfly species richness S (R2 = 0.988, p lt; 0.05) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index overall downward trend (R2 = 0.961, p = 0.079 gt; 0.05). The vegetation distribution for the butterflies play a decisive role (R2 = 0.988, P lt; 0.001). 3) Parnassiidae local endangered species assessment Parnassiidae plateau region endemic species, monarch Parnassiidae (P.imperator), by Pago Parnassiidae (P.epaphus), red beads Parnassiidae (P.nomion), three Parnassiidae common species in southern Gansu, heads Parnassiidae (P.cephalus) from eight southern Gansu Parnassiidae rare species, very few, endangered species should be identified as Vulnerable category (Vulnerable). 3, Gansu Province in the southern region butterfly fauna and geographical divisions 1) southern Gansu butterflies are currently 11 families, 136 genera, 315 kinds of butterflies species are very abundant. Floristic analysis results: species belonging palearctic of 137 species, 43.5% of the total number of species; oriental type 100 species, accounting for 31.7%; widely distributed species 78 kinds, accounting for 24.8%, indicating that the southern region of Gansu butterfly floristic composition class in the ancient northern species based on, but not dominant, Oriental species and relatively large number of widely distributed species, aggregated into a common butterfly species-rich areas. 2) The survey received a total of Gansu Province newly recorded species of butterflies in 51 species belonging to six families and 35 genera. Which Pieridae seven kinds, Satyridae 18 kinds, 11 kinds of Nymphalidae, Riodinidae three kinds, seven kinds of Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae five kinds. Abundant species of butterflies in Gansu Province recorded. 3) combined with topography, climate and vegetation, through cluster analysis will be butterflies in southern Gansu geographic divisions, broken down into three different types of regions, namely the high mountains in southern Gansu, Gannan Tibetan Plateau district, Linxia basin valley regions. This three distinctive residential butterflies, floristic composition varies, reflecting each area of ??habitat features. 4, protection of proposals and measures to protect the environment for the survival of butterflies, especially in ecologically fragile areas and key ecological areas to minimize human disturbance; develop key ecological areas Gannan Plateau flora and fauna conservation priorities; classification established Rare and Endangered Species conservation areas; establish a comprehensive breeding of rare plant and animal resources base; continue to carry out the butterfly Parnassius and other biological and ecological studies on important species to establish long-term monitoring system; carried out within a large-scale habitat loss butterflies and recovery, climate change impact studies on the butterfly; research process in butterflies, focusing on selected environmental changes can be evaluated as indicator species, to explore as indicator species of butterflies environmental assessment.
|