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Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental Pollution and Economic Development in 12 Western Provinces

Author: ZhangTaoTao
Tutor: LeiMin
School: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
Course: Quantitative Economics
Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve The economy and the environment Coordinated development Large-scale development of the western region
CLC: X196;F224
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 294
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Abstract

Since the reform and opening up, China has entered the industrialization stage of rapid development, extensive economic growth mode of high input, high consumption, high emission, uncoordinated difficult cycle, low efficiency \The rapid development of the economy and a sharp deterioration of the environment, gradually highlights the contradiction between the environment and economic development antithesis environment has gradually become an important economic development constraints. The vast territory of the western region, rich in natural resources, is the major ecological carrier enrichment. The upper reaches of the Yangtze, the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the ecological barrier, water conservation, is the hub of our ecosystem balance. The western region has long been the extensive mode of economic development, and serious damage to the ecosystem balance in the west, so that the carrying capacity of the economy is increasingly weak, and even caused a nationwide environmental crisis: Yellow River dry, Yangtze River floods, northwest and north sandstorms western environment is a vital part of the National Environmental System. Based on the importance and vulnerability of the environment of the western region, the state established the environmental resource protection and ecological construction as the fundamental of the western development strategy. Large-scale development of the western region to promote the economic development of the western region, and that the ecological environment as a large-scale development of the western region of the fundamental effective protection? Environment and economic growth is the development of coordination? If you still have to go before the \path of development, it is likely to fall into the Kui exhaustion of resources, severe environmental degradation, economic no dilemma. Therefore, the relationship and its impact mechanisms of the environment and economic development of the western region is particularly necessary. Paper research ideas In this paper, the 1991-2009 panel data of 12 western provinces, to study the relationship between the environment and economic development of the western region. Combing the EKC theory of the basis of by building environmental pollution indicators (industrial waste) the EKC model of economic development indicators (GDP per capita) to intuitive analysis of the relationship of the environment and economic development. In this paper, the sample data is divided into two periods 2000-2009 1991-1999 EKC model to explore the environment of the period - the economic development mode, and comparative analysis of large-scale development of the western region of the relationship between the environment and economic development, to determine the effectiveness of the environmental management of large-scale development of the western region. The basic relationship between the environment and economic development on the basis of the establishment of the mechanism of extended form EKC model to further explore its behind basic EKC model influencing factors: industry structure, international trade, the size of the population, further analysis of various factors on the relationship between the environment and the economy. Second, this paper studies the content of this article is divided into six chapters, organized as follows: Chapter 1 is an introduction. First introduces the research background; then explains the purpose and significance of the thesis; Finally, an overview of the the thesis research ideas and key features. The second chapter is the the EKC literature review. From the theoretical and empirical aspects, theoretical model of the relationship between the environment and economic development: environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) literature, are reviewed to provide a theoretical reference for the specific study of the 12 western provinces, the environment and economic growth guidance and methods. Chapter III described for the economic development of the western region and the state of the environment. Part of the main description 1991-2009, per capita GDP and changes in the industrial structure of the western region, with five types of industrial emissions of pollutants, to illustrate the economic development and environmental pollution. The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of the western region EKC model. This part of the EKC theory to establish an empirical model of the five categories of industrial pollutants and per capita GDP, in order to analyze the relationship of the environment and economic development of the western region. View of the stage characteristics of the environment and economic development, the sample is divided into 1991-1999 and 2000-2009, the two periods, to explore during each period, especially since the large-scale development of the western region of the western region environment and economic development in the relationship, and by the empirical results of the two periods to analyze the overall impact on the environment - economic relations of large-scale development of the western region. Chapter EKC impact factors. This part in the Chapter intuitive description of the environment and economic development of the relationship on the basis of combining the research literature, three factors: population size, industrial structure and international trade, as a control variable added to the EKC in the formation of the expanded form of EKC model, and analysis of relevant factors on the quality of the environment through its model estimation results. This section focuses on the analysis of large-scale development of the western region of various factors on the environment - economic development of the western region, so only the analysis of sample data for 2000-2009. Chapter VI is the Conclusion of the full text. The conclusions from the study, the lack of research and outlook of the full text summarizes. Third, the main conclusions of this paper the relationship between the environment and economic development differences, the estimated results of the environmental Kuznets curve depends largely on the selection of pollution metrics, select areas of sample data and time. First of all, the same pollution indicators, the same time period, the different parts of the environmental Kuznets curve shape and model specification test results according to the panel, some areas not only individual impact, and also there are structural changes any variable cut model is biased away from the individual effects. Second, the same pollutant index, the same area, different times of environmental Kuznets curve shape, it can get by the 1991-1999 period and the 2000-2009 EKC shape confirms environment and economic development relationship exists between the stage characteristics. Again, the same region, the same time period, different indicators of pollution environmental Kuznets curve shape each pollutant indicators and economic growth relationship, it is necessary to sub-index of its economic development relationship . 2 only small part of pollutant indicators and economic development of relations in line with the EKC hypothesis contents, with the uncertainty of the relationship between environment and economic development. The EKC model of the environment and economic development of western twelve provinces mainly positive. N-type, inverted N-type, is U-shaped and inverted U-shaped four types. EKC hypothesis, environmental pollution and economic development will be an inverted U-shaped, while the western region the EKC model of an inverted U-shaped, not many, the the EKC model shape of most pollutants and the EKC hypothesis contents not consistent. This is mainly because of the EKC hypothesis is based on the developed countries and newly industrialized countries, the industrialized to the service-based economy stage (World Bank, 1992). However, there is in the industrialized early, mid-stage, particularly in the western region is still very low level of development of industrialization. Kuznets Curve explained will be continued to improve the quality of the environment in the level of economic development beyond a certain critical value for the majority of developing countries, however, the level of per capita income is still far failed to meet the requirements of this critical level, the the relationship between the environment and economic development with uncertainty (the Pengshui Jun, 2006). From the side, which also reflects the the western environmental governance should be based on a long-term strategic initiatives, we persevere economic development and environmental management, that the quality of the environment with economic growth automatically improve, is very harmful for the understanding of environmental issues 's. Since the large-scale development of the western region, most of the pollution indicators as economic development presents first rising and then falling trend. The economic development of the early large-scale development of the western region more than the expense of the environment, coordination in the the late western development environment and economic development. The economic development of the western region for at least a period of time based on the expense of the environment, the relationship between the environment and economic development in this regard is poor, but the majority of pollutants in the coordinated development of large-scale development of the western region late economic growth described in this although the environmental management of large-scale development of the western region in the decade but still lag effect is conducive to environmental improvement. Specifically: provincial and municipal environmental - economic development mode differences, the relationship between the environment and economic development in Xinjiang region the worst, the best Sichuan, Chongqing is mainly characterized by the \Other pollutants are presented with the per capita GDP to deteriorate further improvement trends, we should focus on strengthening the industrial wastewater treatment. Environmental and ecological protection is the fundamental of the western development strategy, large-scale development of the western region, however, and failed to achieve a sustained and coordinated development of the economy and the environment, so in the future development strategy should continue to strengthen the protection of the environment and governance, a fundamental shift \pollution first mode of governance \4 large-scale development of the western region the overall impact on the environment - economic relations areas, different pollutants and differences, and promote the role is not large. Specifically: the large-scale development of the western region to improve the environment and the economy of the region of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, deterioration of the environment and economic relations in Guangxi, Gansu, Xinjiang; relationship is mainly characterized by large-scale development of the western region of sulfur dioxide and economic development of the industrial wastewater and industrial damaging effects, and promote the coordinated development of industrial dust and soot and economic. Evaluation of the environmental effects of the western development will not only have to consider the development of the relationship between the environment and the economy of the western development period, should comparative analysis of the relationship between the environment and economic development of the period before and after the large-scale development of the western region, and is committed to the effectiveness of the optimization of the relationship between the environment and economic development, over time is even more significant. Population size, industrial structure, international trade environment has a significant effect, and there are regional differences. The size of the population depends on the size of the population of the environmental impact of the combined effects of the environment, economies of scale and public environmental awareness, Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces should focus on controlling the size of the population and strengthen environmental protection publicity and education to raise public awareness of environmental protection; second industry The added value of the proportion of GDP increase in negative effects on the quality of the environment is still significantly optimize its environment, the western region should pay more attention to the economic structure optimization of deep-seated; international trade, mainly through two ways to affect the quality of the environment: on the one hand, comparative advantage in resource-intensive industries in China's western region, so that international trade is not conducive to environmental improvement; On the other hand, international trade through positive spillover effects to reduce environmental pollution. The ultimate impact of international trade on the environment depends on the specific circumstances of each region. Fourth, this study features the characteristics of this article is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, to study the relationship between indicators and economic development of five industrial pollutants targeted. Secondly, based on panel data, respectively, to study the relationship of environment and economic development of the 12 western provinces, and the provinces and municipalities were analyzed. Throughout the relationship between the environment and economic development of our literature, which studies less of the western region, the Province carried out a comparative study less. EKC studies in the past based on panel data, the use of the individual effects of variable intercept model, and have not been able to take full account of the structural differences between the regions, in view of this, the article uses panel model specification tests to determine the regional differences between the manifestations, namely whether there is a structural change in the inspection area and individual impact. This can be more robust and effective estimation results, full comparison of the differences in the relationship between the environment and economic development in the region. Third, the paper analyzed from two aspects of large-scale development of the western region of the relationship between the environment and economic development. First, before the large-scale development of the western region (1991-1999) and after (2000-2009) the two periods during the development and changes of the environment and economic relations; analysis of large-scale development of the western region of the environment and the economy is estimated by comparing before and after the segment results The overall impact. The empirical proof environment and economic development of the relationship between the existence of the stage, which, in turn, shows a segmented analysis reasonableness.

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