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Surface weather observations are the basis of the Atmospheric Sounding and the Atmospheric Science&all the weather service. Since October 2002, in order to obtain high-accurate, high-intensive and high-quality meteorological data,123 automatic weather stations have been installed in Shandong Province, which can detect seven kinds of weather elements or more. The data acquisition system of automatic weather station is made up of three major components—the meteorological sensor, data taker and peripheral equipment. In this thesis, as an example of CAWS600-B type automatic weather station which is most widely used and has a higher failure rate, an in-depth study of the principles of its various parts, the wiring diagram and the use and maintenance methods in the practical business applications has been done.In the thesis, the architecture, working principle, hardware components, software features, sub-station network and operation monitoring about the data acquisition system of automatic weather station are described in general.Starting from the perspective of maintaining security, particularly for the emergence of a variety of practical problems, the study on the typical faults and the upgrade design of the automatic weather station system has been conducted. The possible causes which lead to the surface observation data differences between manual and automatic observation are also analyzed.The contents include:1) For the data taker portion, the thesis in-depth studies the troubleshooting methods about several typical faults, such as abnormal state indication, communication link failure, single-element data collection errors, multi-element data collection errors or all observation data missing, etc. At the same time, the lightning damage fault, the maintenance processes, maintenance procedures and how to use the emergency power are analyzed.2) In the power system part, the processing steps to find the point of failure according to the status of work light are presented.3) In the sensor part, the connection diagram, daily use and maintenance, and troubleshooting process about various types of sensors are introduced.4) Contrary to the fault of data jump change or beyond the error range, troubleshooting methods about bad wiring and signal cable disconnection, which are easily overlooked, have been presented. The upgrade design and considerations to increase grass-temperature element observation in the data acquisition system are also proposed.5) For the differences in the principles of instrument, the sample selection, and the observation times, between manual observation and automatic observation, the causes of differences in data are analyzed.
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