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Research on Urban Population Securities in China

Author: WangHeng
Tutor: WangXueYi
School: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
Course: Demographic
Keywords: urban disease urban population security problems inurban population security population security early warning system
CLC: C924.24
Type: PhD thesis
Year: 2013
Downloads: 6
Quote: 0
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Abstract

The Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the goal of constructing a all-round well-off society. And the Eighteenth National Congress of CPC suggested to grasp the chance and operate actively. The slogan of "Chinese dream" asks for the maintenance of people’s interest and the trying for people’s happiness. All those goals depend on the growth of economy and society. Growth is the theme of current China and is the key to solving kinds of problems in China. The pushing on of urbanization is the need of growth and is important to future China. In recent years with the fast speed of urbanization, more and more people move to the urban areas, which brings great pressure to the cities’natural and social environment. And people from countryside swarmed into cities to seek jobs, which aggravated the pressure to cities’resource and environment with some social and economic conflicts. How to balance the need of growth and the limited resources in cities, and how to maintain people’s happy life in cities, are what we look for from the study of population security in cities.Human beings are a group of humans who live with some special social manufacturing patterns in some time and some place. The group has two properties, biologically and socially, with the social property the basic one. Human beings we study, is the social group with social manufacturing patterns, not the abstract biological livings. Human beings are also concerned with human’s quantity, quality and composition. And the study of human beings observes the group from two aspects, inner parts and outer parts. The basic idea of population security comes from the dual properties of human beings and the composite organism of inner and outer parts.So the study of population security problems in cities should focus on the following points:(1) the population security in cities includes the securities from the inner parts to the outer parts;(2) the status of security is relative and changeable;(3) how much population security human beings can acquire depends on the capability of human beings to fight with the risks. More capable human beings are, more secure they are;(4) citizens live with special social characters. For example, they are naturally different from the birth; they mainly live in man-made environment; they crowdedly live together; etc;(5) population security in cities is mainly for citizens, so only the security citizens feel and identity with is valuable;(6) the study of population security in cities is cross-disciplinary, which concerns the theories of risk society, urban ecology, urban sociology, urban population governance, urban sustainable development. The inner part of urban population security includes population quantity, population quality, population composition and population distribution. The outer part of urban population security focus on its relationship with economy, society, resource and ecosystem. Those factors work interactively and have great impact on urban population security.In China more than half of the whole population live in cities and there are two hundred millions of people from countryside additionally. From the forecast of population quantity in future20years, we find that the population in cities will grow more, which is a serious challenge to the capacity of cities.Three aspects in urban population composition have obvious risks. One is the illogical distribution of urban population, which is affected by natural factors and policies. So the best choice is to make citizens move with new city layouts. The second is about the ageing people. The ageing comes before we have enough preparations. Without strong endowment insurance and enough rest houses, the ageing people will counter difficulties financially and mentally. The third one is the unbalance of numbers between baby boys and baby girls. The situation of unbalance is much beyond the safe criterion. When baby boys grow up, they will find it difficult to marry with a woman for they are much less than men. The fighting may bring risks to the stable social and family structures. Policies about population birth are suggested to adjust.Besides, there are problems such as the governance of countryside people in cities, the support of poor people, the health concern, accidents and food safety. The governance of countryside people is complicated. From the analysis of their job seeking, it is found that there is some causal relationship between their income, the stability of jobs and their social status. So the issue of their equal identity is much important.All population security problems are influenced by the inertia of population growth. So any problem needs the efforts of generations to solve with great cost and risk. To that, the population security early warning system can do some help. The population security early warning system has a huge data base about population, then some monitoring and evaluation work will be done. Once there is any risk, the system will have warning signals, which may lead to the change of policies. The indexes in the system are very important to the warning. But the system for cities is different with that for countryside. The index should be chosen according to the characters of urban population security and the safe criterion of each index should be adjusted with urban data.With the help of the early warning system, the solving of urban population security needs more support from the policies, which may eradicate problems from the root. And during the reform, protecting the interests of citizens should be the first principle. Only by that, the goal of all-round well-off society can be achieved and the Chinese dream can come true.

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CLC: > Social Sciences > Demographic > Investigation and research of the world population > China's population > Population Studies
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