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Study on Synthesis and properties of cationic silicone surfactants

Author: HeZuoZuo
Tutor: LuoRuXian
School: Wuyi University
Course: Applied Chemistry
Keywords: gemini polysiloxane surfactant interfacial property
CLC: TQ423
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2013
Downloads: 17
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Abstract


In this paper, both ends of hydrogen of polydimethylsiloxane (HPDMS) was synthesized with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4) and1,1,3.3-Tetramethyldisiloxane(HMM) as raw material. Allyl polyoxyethylene chlorhydrin ether (APECAE) was synthesized with allyl polyoxyethylene ether(APEG) and epichlorohydrin as raw material.Quaternary ammonium salt allyl polyoxyethylene chlorhydrin ether(QASAAE) was prepared by the cationization from octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and APECAE. Quaternary ammonium salt organic silicon of Gemini surfactant (Gemini-QASPSS) was prepared by the hydrosilylation from HPDMS and QASAAE. There is a comparison of the Gemini-QASPSS and QASAAE about surface properties and foam performance, the main results as follows:1. The best reaction condition of the synthesis of both ends of hydrogen of polydimethylsiloxane (HPDMS) was as follows:t=4h, the dosage of sulfuric acid was4wt%, T=50℃. The chemical structure of both ends of hydrogen of polydimethylsiloxane (HPDMS) was confirmed by FT-IR.2. The best reaction condition of the synthesis of allyl polyoxyethylene chlorhydrin ether (APECAE) were as follows:t=2h, T=50℃,n(epoxy chloropropane):n(allyl polyoxyethylene ether)=1.5:1, the catalyst dosage was0.4wt%.The chemical structure of allyl polyoxyethylene chlorhydrin ether (APECAE) was characterized by FT-IR and’HNMR.3. With ethanol as solvent, heating reflux, at the condition of mole ratio of1:1.03between APECAE and Octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, study the synthesis influence of the quaternary ammonium type allyl polyoxyethylene chlorohydrin ether (QASAAE), ensure the optimal reaction conditions is t=17h, and the purification of the FT-IR was analyzed, confirmed the product is QASAAE.4. With toluene as solvent, quaternary ammonium salt organic silicon of Gemini surfactant (Gemini-QASPSS) was prepared by the hydrosilylation from HPDMS and QASAAE. And discussed the product conversion rate change with reaction time, reaction temperature of catalyst and material ratio of the change,then ensure the final reaction condition is:the response time was9h and temperature was105℃, catalyst dosage(in terms of Pt) was15ppm, material than was1:2.1. t the product was Gemini-QASPSS which was confirmed by FT-IR and’HNMR.5. Aqueous solution equilibrium surface tension values were obtained by using an adaptation of the maximum bubble pressure method by controlling the speed of dropping water. Experimental results showed that:when the critical micelle concentration was5.3×10-5mol·L-1, the surface tension could reduced to24.5mN·m-1. The saturated adsorption, single Gemini-QASPSS average areas on the saturated absorption layer and the micellization standard free energies are respectively1.6×10-6mol·m-2,1.08nm2and-28.6kJ·mol-1. With the same method, the QASAAE critical micelle concentration of aqueous solution was measured to be6.8×10-3mol·L-1. the respect QASAAE surface tension was33.5mN·m-1. The saturated adsorption, single QASAAE average areas on the saturated absorption layer and the micellization standard free energies are respectively4.35×10-6mol·m-2.0.38nm2and-20.0kJ·mol-1.6. At room temperature, the foam properties and drainage half-life of Gemini-QASPSS and QASAAE were determined with the volume method. Results show that the foam volume and foam half-life of Gemini-QASPSS were superior to the traditional single-base surfactants QASAAE.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > Chemical Industry > Reagents and the production of pure chemicals > Surfactant
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