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Process of Windrow and Trough Type Composting in Cold Region

Author: HaoZuoZheng
Tutor: WangWeiDong
School: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Course: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Keywords: windrow composting trough type composting microbial flora nitrogen greenhouse gases NH3
CLC: S141.4
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2014
Downloads: 2
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Abstract


To compare the effect of composting type of windrow and trough type techniques which weregenerally used in cold region on compost maturity and greenhouse gas production, cattle manureand lawn grass were used as compost materials to detect the emission of harmful greenhouse gasduring composting. The application effect of the two composting type was also evaluated toprovide one type that had a higher comprehensive benefit. The windrow type of composttreatment was set to pile that the length and wide are0.3m and0.15m in the top, the length andwide are1.2m and1.5m in the bottom respectively，the high is0.71m and the cross section wastrapezoidal. The length, wide and high of trough type were set1.21m,1.00m and0.92m,respectively. The weight of them were both560Kg. The temperature, pH, moisture, C/N,NH4+-N, NO3--N, CO2and NH3were measured during composting. The results showed that:(1) The temperature above50℃of windrow composting were maintained for21days. Thehightest temperature of type composting was50℃only on the tenth day and the temperaturewere obviously changed along with pile turning frequency. After30days, the temperature ofwindrow composting was reached to environment temperature, while the trough type compostingwas35days. The composting period of windrow composting was shorter.(2) By windrow composting biological diversity analysis, in addition to the maturity period,all other periods in both species appear more species and genus large differences in eachperiod.The genera of Alkaliflexus、Gilvibacter、Blautia、Sphingobacterium、Saprospira、Peptostreptococcaceae、 NitratireductorCohnella、 Sedimentibacter、 Sporobacter、Thermolithobacter、Luteimonas、Lautropia、Truepera、Cryomorpha、Arcobacter、Phycisphaera、Melioribacter and Gracilimonas were detected at composting materials, the genera ofAlkaliflexus、Gilvibacter、Blautia、Ohtaekwangia、Persicitalea、Algoriphagus、Saprospira、Peptostreptococcaceae、Nitratireductor、Streptomyces、Paludibacter、Thauera、Pusillimonas、Iamiaceae、Luteimicrobium、Alistipes and Wandonia were detected at heating phase, the generaof Alkaliflexus、Gilvibacter、Ohtaekwangia、Sphingobacterium、Persicitalea、Niastella、Nitratireductor、Anoxybacillus and Gemmatimonas were detected at thermophilic phase andAlkaliflexus、Ohtaekwangia and the genera of Alkaliflexus、Ohtaekwangia、Niastella andMicrobacterium were detected at maturity phase. The dominant genera of Warming phase, High-temperature phase, Maturity phase were Gilvibacter、Ohtaekwangia and Niastella. Thegenera of Algoriphagus、Streptomyces、Paludibacter、Thauera、Pusillimonas、Iamiaceae andLuteimicrobium were detected at heating phase only. The genera of Anoxybacillus andGemmatimonas were detected at thermophilic phase only. The genera of Microbacterium weredetected at maturity phase only.The fungi genera of Zopfiella、Scytalidium、Cercophora、Scedosporium、Trichosporon andClavulina were detected at different stage.The pathogenicity genera of Trichosporon were notdetected at later stage. The genera of Zopfiella、Cercophora and Scedosporium were detected atcomposting materials. The genera of Scytalidium、Trichosporon and Clavulina were detected atheating phase. The genera of Scytalidium and Trichosporonwere detected at thermophilic phase.The genera of Cercophora and Scedosporium were detected at composting materials only. Thegenera of Clavulina were detected at maturity phase only.(3) After composting, moisture loss rate between windrow and trough type composting was56.3%and12.8%, respectively. Organic matter and nitrate nitrogen content in windrowcomposting was37.0%and25.9%higher respectively than trough type composting. Totalnitrogen loss rate between windrow and trough type composting was4.9%and6.6%,respectively. Besides, C/N was18.4%and20.0, respectively, windrow composting was period totrough type composting on the effect of compost maturity.(4) During the whole composting process, the total contents of CO2and NH3in windrowcomposting were514.5mL and116.9mL, respectively. While in trough type composting were465.4mL and24.8mL, respectively. The total contents of CO2and NH3in windrow compostingwere1.1and4.7times respectively to trough type composting.(5) Organic content was selected to reference the quality of the organic fertilizer, as500-1000Yuan/t of the organic fertilizer in civil, the value of products in windrow and trough typecomposting were195.4and170.7Yuan, respectively. The content of CO2in windrow andtrough type composting were1.02×10-3kg and0.92×10-3kg, respectively. As30-80Yuan/t ofrecent carbon trading at home (http://www.tanpaifang.com/), we chose68.86Yuan/t of it, thecomprehensive benefit of windrow composting was period to trough type composting.By physicochemical parameters analysis, windrow composting process has achievedinnocuous treatment requirements and it was period to trough type composting on the effect of compost maturity.The total contents of CO2and NH3in windrow composting were both higherthan trough type composting. Commodity value of windrow composting was higher than troughtype composting. Combined value of windrow composting was higher than trough typecomposting.

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CLC: > Agricultural Sciences > Agriculture as the foundation of science > FERTILIZERS > Farm manure > Compost, compost
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