|
With the large use of chemical fertilizer in our world,it has caused the pollution ofthe environment and the food security problems, especially nitrogen,phosphorusfertilizer was applied and lead to serious agricultural non-point source pollution theseproblems are getting worse and worse, using biological fertilizer to replace thetraditional chemical fertilizers has became the focus of research. Microbial fertilizercould change the soil nutrients in activity or content through the friendly microbesactivities, so it could influence the economic plants′s use path of resources andutilization efficiency of rescurces and promote the effect of plant growth. AMF is a kindof the superior performance of plant growth promoting bacteria, it can form a symbioticrelationship with most plants.According to different types of economic resourcesutilization of the plant, How to change the AMF resources use efficiency means orefficiency is the focus of this study.According to the problems,this article chose some commonly used economic plantsfor experimental material, including legume plants white clover（Trifolium repensL.）,soybean（Glycine max（L.）Merr）,C3grasses rice（Oryza sativa L.）,whea（tTriticumaestivu L.）and C4grasses sorghum（Sorghum vulgare L.）,corn（Zea mays L.）.We chosethe wide suitable strains arbuscular mycorrhizal fung（iAMF）—Glomus mosseae（GM）and Glomus intraradices（GI） as vaccination bacterium agent, exploring the singlebacterium, mixed bacteria in promoting effect on different resource utilization typeeconomic plants in different index,for example, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization ofresources, photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration situation, the activation function ofrhizosphere microorganisms, and so on, providing method to the economic benefits ofeconomic crops, so we can improve crops on the use of resource capacity andefficiency.Leguminous,C3gramineous, C4gramineous plants could form a symbioticrelationship with the two kinds widely used strains which we have chosed.AMF had astronger infection effect on legume plants, infection rate was61.5%,the mycorrhizaldependence of C4grasses was strongest, the MD could reach to464%, it has a highstrength dependence. In the aspect of promoting plant high growth, mixed bacteria wasbetter than single bacteria, in the aspect of promoting biomass, the promoting effect onground part was stronger than the underground part, among them, bacterium agent had amore obvious facilitation on C4grasses＇ s biomass, could improve its ground, underground biomass by373.16%、332.52%respectively. AMF could improve theplants＇resource utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus，it could improve the phosphorusutilization of leguminous plants to48%.AMF could enhance the plant photosynthesis,comparing with blank test, it could improve the photosynthetic rate of leguminous,C3gramineous, C4gramineous plants to139.32%、433.33%、145.32%respectively. AMFcould improve water use efficiency of economic crops effectively, reduce transpiration,it has the best promoting function on the leaves of leguminous plants, the water useefficiency could be improved to403.66%, C3grasses took the second place, the wateruse efficiency could be improved to251.91%. AMF could improve the plants＇stomatalconductance, promote plants to use CO2in surrounding environment,it had a goodeffect on crop growth.Different bacteria agent had similar effect on undergroundbiomass of plants, they had no significant differences between them, the difference ofsoil respiration intensity was leaded by microbial, AMF could significantly promote thegrowth of rhizosphere microorganisms and proliferation, among them, fungi, bacterianumber has increased significantly, the rhizosphere soil of leguminous plants hadlegume bacteria, they could form a symbiosis joint system with AMF, the new systemcould lead microorganism quantity in rhizosphere soil to change, leguminous plantswere more obvious than C3gramineous, C4gramineous plants, the increase ofmicroorganism made plants grow better.AMF could strengthen the utilization ratio of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus andwater in surrounding environment, so leguminous,C3gramineous, C4gramineous plantscould satisfy their own nutritional requirements.AMF could improve leguminous plantsto use phosphorus element, which could inhibit plants to grow, AMF could improverespiratory rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of C3gramineous, C4gramineous plants, so it could enhance the level of utilization of carbon, water in itssurrounding environment,to accumulate biomass,promote plants to grow better,In dryenvironment, AMF could improve legume plants’ water use efficiency effectively, Inthe arid soil environment, AMF had the best effect on C3grasses in using of nitrogenand phosphorus,so we could provides the basis for how to improve the utilizationefficiency of economic crops in their surrounding environment.
|