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The Nanjing National Government Early Civil Service Examination System

Author: LiXiuQin
Tutor: TanZhaoYi
School: Guangxi Normal University
Course: Modern Chinese History
Keywords: Nanjing National Government Civilian Examination system Failure for
CLC: D693.2
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 119
Quote: 0
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Abstract

In 1928, the Nanjing National Government set up a unicameral of the five branches of government, as one of the five branches of the Examination Yuan. Examination Yuan as the principal organs of the test selection officials, the implementation of the civil service examination system in the modern sense. The civil service examination system as the political superstructure, is an important part of the political system. The effectiveness of its implementation plays a key role in improving the quality of the whole civil service, provide a good basis for promoting economic and social development. The implementation of the civil service examination system in the beginning of the Nanjing National Government, which is facilitated by a variety of reasons. Foreign capitalist invasion in 1840, to 1928, the capitalist economy, ideology and culture in Chinese society are widely disseminated and development. In order to adapt to the economic development and the social division of labor, the government requires a variety of specialized management personnel of the socio-economic guidance and management. The expertise needed by the government of test selection in line with the requirements of the times. Meanwhile, the Nanjing National Government itself as successor to Dr. Sun Yat-sen thought the civil service through the test selection is the major political ideas of Sun Yat-sen, in order to maintain the legitimacy of his regime, Nanjing National Government, whether true or false should inherit surface Sun Yat-sen the civil service exam thinking. The voice of public opinion also hope that the newly established National Government in the appointment of officials, the new way to cause the honesty of the Government to promote the development of all sectors of society. Due to the above aspects, Nanjing National Government in the civil service examination selection on modern step forward. Examinations in hospital after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, as a component of the National Government agencies, is responsible for the selection and appointment of the civil service. In order to make the civil service selection examinations according to the law to protect the smooth conduct of the examination, reflecting the fair competition of the candidates, the Examination Yuan promulgated a series of laws and regulations of the examination. Nanjing National Government promulgated laws and regulations for the examination, can be described in detail in every possible way, in every aspect of the civil service selection examinations can be according to the law. The legalization of civil service examination system for selecting improved, the modernization of the examination the right to independence and the content of the examination, the national government proves the importance of the civil service examination. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the civil service examination, the Examination Yuan, with the organs of the Secretariat, the counselors at the Examination Committee, the Board of Examiners, the Civil Service Ministry. Civil service selection examinations, these agencies fulfill their duties. Nanjing National Government from 1927-1937 decade held five times higher civil service examination, several ordinary examinations and special examinations. Through the civil service examination, selection of a certain number of qualified civil servants to enter government has laid a good foundation for the high efficiency of the government administration. Although the civil service examination selection on the Examination Yuan made a lot of effort, but the civil servants of the government to pass the exam to enter the still very limited. Nanjing National Government Civil Service Employment Act, the qualifications and conditions of the appointment of civil servants, the the exam selection of qualified civil servants is just one of the appointments of civil servants, with other appointing qualified civil servants in any appliances fancy the presence of pro-private superior the exam selection of civil servants. The implementation of the modern civil service examination system was resisted by distributing organs selection of civil service can not execute down the civil service examination. This limited the effectiveness of the civil service examination system with a modern sense. Nanjing National Government to ensure that the civil service exam fair and impartial, to develop a more complete legal and set the various agencies, but the exam in corrupt acts have occurred. The the prison trial members to be on the individual to participate in the candidate promised to extend the time, the papers assessed Kaifeng after re subtraction scores, examinations to recruit Yimaoquren, modern civil service examination system implemented by the National Government greatly reduced color. The implementation of the civil service examination system in the beginning of the Nanjing National Government, a reform of the political realm, such reforms in line with the trends of the social and historical development, but the reform was the tenacious resistance of vested interests, is difficult to get the real implementation of the civil service examination system. Nanjing National Government to establish in the interests of the big landlords and big bourgeoisie encountered resistance, for the civil service examination system, it is difficult to be a punishment measures go. Distribution and the appointment of the first session of the High Civil Servant pass the examination staff can get a glimpse of the difficult implementation of the civil service examinations selection. The first session passed the qualifying exam distribution by the distribution of organs of the boycott, the National Government in the form of only issued on the matter, \Instructions only formal, agencies, and individuals for violation of civil service appointment procedures and did not take substantial punishment. Because the exam selection of civil servants just as one of the qualifications of the appointment of civil servants, so there Examination and Selection disjointed phenomenon, the struggle between the colors of the presence of party governance, the interests of the dispute between the organs, the KMT factions, the National Government civilian Modernization of the examination system a lot of constraints, it is difficult to play its rightful effectiveness. Appointment of civil servants from the Nanjing National Government and the specific implementation, it is not fully equipped with the spiritual essence of the modern civil service examination and appointment, just in certain aspects to some extent with certain features of the modern civil service. The appointments of civil servants Law became KMT bureaucrats service tools with the needs of the private tamper, France with the man-legal services for some people.

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