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Objective:To investigate the role and the mechanism of the diet in the degeneratice osteoarthritis.Reserving the changes and it’s meaning of the articular cartilage after feeding the New Zealand rabbits with high sugar and high fat food.Methods:40 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, in which 10 rats were fed with feed for the control group; the rest were separated fed with high-sugar, high fat and both high sugar and high fat diet as a model group and observed for 7 months. Fasting blood samples taken once a month, containing the levels of blood sugar, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC) and insulin levels. And observe changes in weight. At the end of 7 months all the rabbit were killed to get the knee articular cartilage, and get femoral condyle cartilage, liver, kidney, pancreas tissue, which were stained with H.E and toluidine blue, and then observed under microscope. while Group 2 condylar cartilage were for immunohistochemistry and observed by scanning electron microscopy.Results:①Compared with the control group, the levels of the blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC) are elevated both the high fat and high sugar group and high fat group. The high-fat diet group changes obviously in the light microscopy and electron microscopy of cartilage morphology; these changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). High glucose control group, these parameters were increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Therefore, the experiment aimed to start high fat group.②Scanning electron microscopy of high fat group condylar cartilage morphology, surface roughness, Xianao shallow, arranged disorderly, irregular shape, size inequality were found in cartilage. Focal cartilage surface under high magnification was stripping to change, arrangement becomes irregular, uneven porosity increases, On cartilage fracture surface there were a large number of empty; Further enlarge the times, cartilage-like structure of small peaks were shallow, flattened and pore disappeared. In the high-fat group, Under light microscopy, high glucose and high fat group can see diffuse liver steatosis, liver cell cord disordered, swelling of the liver cells showed ballooning degeneration, also can seen atrophy of liver cells, necrosis. The changes in liver cells is similar to fatty liver degeneration. High fat group showed some renal glomerular hypertrophy, more cell number and widened the visible part of glomerular cysts, glomerular smaller was weakening. Some tubular epithelial cells were in vacuolar degeneration, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration can be seen, no significant other changes.③The immunohistochemistry, two groups of New Zealand rabbit condylar cartilage cells in each layer has a TGF-β1 brown positive staining, positive staining was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of cells with strong expression of the positive not only located in the cytoplasm, the nucleus will a coloring. Condylar cartilage layers of cells into cartilage cells stained the strongest layer, followed by the film and the hypertrophic cartilage layer. High glucose and high fat group condylar cartilage of the TGF-β1 expression, the expression in each layer has increased, which increased to become the most visible layer of cartilage cells, gray value (126.00±9.01) and the control group (148.85±12.39) There were significant differences (P<0.01). Control group of cartilage layers of TGF-β1 expression is not obvious in the experimental group condyles in the cartilage layers TGF-β1 expression, gray value (158.07±20.63) and the control group (170.75±21.35) compared with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion:Long-term high fat diet may induce or aggravate cartilage damage, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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