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The Impact of the Processing of Chunk by Individual Differences in Working Memory and Memory Load

Author: SongHongZuo
Tutor: XuZhan
School: Southwestern University
Course: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Keywords: Working memory individual differences Memory Load Concentric circles model Free chunks Rule chunks
CLC: B842.3
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 251
Quote: 1
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Abstract


\With the further research of memory, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a model of working memory on the chunk studies with a new understanding that working memory chunks and chunks of short-term memory, working memory chunks that processing When a small amount of characterization factor, reflecting the limited capacity of working memory, the number of independent stimulus bound and maintained at a high accessibility information processing unit of the state. To integrate the relationship between working memory storage and processing, Oberauer (2002) proposed a model of working memory concentric circles (the concentric model)., And chunks of research to promote a new stage. Concentric model of working memory is divided into three different functional areas: long-term memory activation large portion of the capacity; direct access to the area (the region of direct access) can be stored in four chunks; attention to focus (the focus of attention) can be stored in a chunk. A recent explore attention to focus research, Oberauer Bialkova (2009) but was first proposed two new chunk concept: Rules chunk (ordered chunk) and free chunk (free in chunk) rules chunks that focus all the ingredients are bound in a specific order at block; the free chunk i.e. focusing all the ingredients are not in accordance with a fixed sequence is bound to the chunk, the exchange interaction between the components, the original chunk still available . There are some differences, the former is more inclined to a \This paper studies Oberauer and Bialkova (2009) on the basis of two experiments to explore the mental arithmetic task and spatial reasoning task in two categories \memory load, in-depth understanding of the similarities and differences between the two types of chunk processing cognitive essence of both further verify the concentric circles model. Individual differences in order to better distinguish between working memory, this study used two types of test tasks. Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, with complex breadth task (complex span task) and the level of n-back task separate working memory capacity, on the other hand, to change the memory load presented by changing the number of stimuli. Each experiment points a, b part, a part of the to explore mental arithmetic task task b part to explore the spatial reasoning tasks. The conclusions were as follows: (1) as the memory load increases, the two types of chunk processing level decreased significantly in the validation set size effect (Set-size effect). (2) The individual difference measured by classical complex breadth task not affect two types chunk processing level, individual differences measured by the n-back task processing two types of chunks produced a significant effect, and further authentication concentric circles model of working memory, direct access to the area and pay attention to the separation of the focus areas to prove that the cognitive mechanisms of the two types of chunk processing as a to perform processing component. (3) a, b part of the experimental results, further analysis showed that, although the two chunks processing in cognitive mechanisms, there is a very common, but the rule set of block processing, the former is more dependent on the implementation of free chunks and processing processing functions, but does not rule out the two tasks demand caused by the two types of block processing in the partial results appear inconsistent.

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