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Laws of Physiological Characteristics,dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer of Population After Anthesis in Two Kinds of Different Wheat Varieties

Author: ZhangJiaYuan
Tutor: ZhouSuMei;YinJun
School: Henan Agricultural University
Course: Crop Cultivation and Farming System
Keywords: wheat sowing date after anthesis transfer yield
CLC: S512.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 1
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Abstract

The thesis studied the effect of sowing date on population-Quality indices, photosynthetic of flag leaves, metabolism of carbon and nitrogen and grain yield feature by using semi-winterness wheat of different types of gluten-Jimai 20（strong gluten）,Yumai 49（middle gluten）,Zhengmai 004（weak gluten）,and weak springness wheat with different types of gluten,Zhengmai 9023（strong gluten）,Yanzhan 4110（middle gluten）,Yumai（weak gluten） 50. The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2009-2010 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The main results were as follows:1 Effects of sowing date on the population quality of different type wheat varietiesThe results showed that tiller dynamics of different semi-winterness wheat varieties showed unimodal curve with the growth process progress and the tiller peak appeared on jointing period for erery sowing date of semi-winterness wheat except Zhengmai 004. The largest tiller number of three varietieses is respectively 1804×104·hm^-2,1623×104·hm^-2,1726×104·hm^-2,and There is some difference in every managing of all varietieses;The timely sowing of Yumai 49 is far higher than early sowing and late sowing, with an respectively average 32.90%,24.35% higher;The late sowing of Zhengmai 004 is far higher than early sowing and timely sowing.The tiller dynamics of different weak-springness wheat varieties showed unimodal curve too, and the tiller peak appeared on jointing period for erery one except the timely sowing of Yumai 50. The largest tiller number of the three wheat varieties is respectively 1853×104·hm^-2,1726×104·hm^-2,1775×104·hm^-2.The peak are almost appared on jointing period and the population number of proper late sowing is bigger,are average 39.15%,22.44% higher than that at sowing on early and timely sowing.2 Effects of sowing date on the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves of different type wheat varietiesThe LAI and Net photosynthetic rate of different type wheat varieties decreased gradually after anthesis,the LAI and Net photosynthetic rate is respectively average 6.18,9.99μmol·CO₂·m^-2,but the kind of proper late sowing decreased slowly and the LAI and Net photosynthetic rate are all higher than proper early and timely sowing,it is good for increase grain filling rate; The chlorophyll content , protein content and Cond of flag leaves are always maintain a higher level between anthesis and 21d after anthesis,is respectively average 3.63 mg·g^-1、0.78 mmol.m^-2.s^-1、40.25 mg·g^-1 and then decreased rapidly,the speed of weak-springness wheat varieties is faster than semi-winterness wheat varieties,and late sowing is lower than timely and early sowing,the chlorophyll content of early sowing of Zhengmai 004 is respectively 36.93%、34.31% lower than timely sowing and late sowing; The flag leaves Ci of all the sowing dates in the six wheat varieties show an increase trend after anthesis,the average Ci of two kinds of wheat varieties is respectively 434.77μmolCO₂/mol、464.44μmolCO₂/mol,the rate of climb of weak-springness wheat varieties is a little faster than semi-winterness wheat varieties.3 Effects of sowing date on the dry matter, carbon and nitrogen accumulation, revolution of different type wheat varietiesThe results showed that the contribution rate of post-anthesis assimilates to grain with different wheat varieties was bigger than that of pre-anthesis stored assimilates and there is some difference in the effect of sowing date on the dry matter accumulation and revolution of different wheat ,the timely sowing of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 9023 is favorable to increase their dry matter transfer quantify,transfer rate of nutritive organ before anthesis and dry matter assimilate quantify after anthesis.The late sowing of Zhengmai 004,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 is favorable to increase their dry matter transfer quantify before anthesis and the contribution rate of the dry matter assimilate quantify to grain;Contrary to starch content change, the total soluble sugar content in grain decreased gradually, and they decreased rapidly from anthesis day to 21d after anthesis,but then becoming more and more gently. There is some difference in the effect of sowing date on the accumulation of starch,the timely sowing is suitable for semi-winterness wheat varieties,but to the weak-springness wheat varieties,the late sowing is the best choice.The nitrogen contribution rate of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain with different wheat varieties was bigger than that of post-anthesis stored assimilates. There is some effect of sowing date on the nitrogen accumulation and revolution of different type wheat varieties,the timely sowing of semi-winterness wheat varieties is favorable to increase its nitrate reductase activity of flag leaves and grain ,and the glutamine synthetase activity of grain（the late sowing can increase Nitrate reductase activity of flag leaves of Jimai 20）,to the weak-springness wheat varieties ,the late sowing can increase the key enzymatic activity which is relate to nitrogen metabolism.The timely of Yumai 49,Zhengmai 004,Zhengmai9023,Yumai 50 and late sowing of Yanzhan 4110,Jimai 20 are good for the accumulation of nitrogen in grain. 4 Effects of sowing date on the yield and its components of different type wheat varietiesThe average yield of three semi-winterness wheat varieties is respectively 7576.71 kg/hm2,7647.72 kg/hm2,7702.55 kg/hm2,and weak-springness wheat varieties is respectively 7376.83kg/hm2,7169.91kg/hm2,6158.82kg/hm2.There is some difference in spikes of different wheat varieties,Yumai 49 has the advantage of spikes and 1000-grain weight; The grain number per spike of Zhengmai 004 and Yumai 50,the spikes of Yanzhan 4110 ,the grain weight of Zhengmai 9023 were all more than that of other two varieties.The grain yield of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 9023 of timely sowing are higher than other sowing dates,the late sowing of Zhengmai 004,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 are conducive to improve their yield.

Laws of Physiological Characteristics,dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer of Population After Anthesis in Two Kinds of Different Wheat Varieties

Abstract

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