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The Study on What Function Inorganic Salt Accelerates the Reaction between Tert-Amyl Alcohol and Sodium

Author: TaoXuChen
Tutor: HeZuoZuo；PanDaWei
School: Donghua University
Course: Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering
Keywords: inorganic salts surface tension sodium t-amylate Lewis acid kinetic equation
CLC: O643.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2007
Downloads: 6
Quote: 0
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Abstract


The reaction between tert-Amyl alcohol and Sodium is the first step of synthetic route towards DPP pigments via Dimethyl succinate or Diethyl succinate route. This reaction is very slow could take from fifteen to twenty hours due to low reactivity of t-amyl alcohol especially in the case commoditious Sodium whose impurity is relatively high is used. It is important for industrial production to speed up this reaction. One solution is to use the surfactant such as auxiliary OT and Sodium dodecylsulfate.It has been found from the thesis that inorganic salt, such as sodium chloride, stronium chloride, etc. can replace the above-mentioned surfactants to accelerate this reaction but they must meet the prerequisites: dissolve in water and be inactive with other reactants chemically. Some of salts are so effective that even when the dosage is below 2 percent by the weight of the Sodium, they can still shorten the reaction time greatly. This thesis focuses on investigation of the reaction mechanism and the reaction kinetics of the formation of sodium t-amylate in the presence of inorganic salt. It has been found that different kinds of inorganic salt has different impact on reaction time. The main factors include their surface tension, average particle size, characteristics of Lewis acid which relates to chemical absorption. The presence of sodium chloride, or magnesium chloride, or stronium chloride, or aluminium chloride, or titanium chloride which have been used in the experiments have proved that it can accelerate the formation of sodium t-amylate, and follows the order of the decreasing rate; titanium chloride＞aluminium chloride＞stronium chloride＞sodium chloride＞magnesium chloride.The effectness of the inorganic salts substantially varies and depends on its physical surface properties which in turns are determined by their molecular structures. For example the salt with high surface tension is more effective than the one with low surface tension because the spreading of liquid sodium on the surface of salt with high surface tension is easier. Younth equation could give the explaination for it. However, there is the exception: aluminium chloride with low surface tension can accelerate the reaction significantly. Obviously chemical adsorption and Lewis acid come into play for aluminium chloride. The kinetic equations which can quantatively describe how effective the presence of different salt is have been established, appling the linear regression to a series of data: the concentrations of sodium t-amylate formed against times. The data well fit the equation obtained based on the statistical analysis. However, all these equations hold true only under the conditions where the exactly same agitation is applied to all experiments.The innovative point of the thesis: it has been found and testified firstly that inorganic salt, such as sodium chloride, stronium chloride, etc. can replace surfactants to accelerate this reaction, inorganic salt has low side-effect and can be eliminated easily.

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CLC: > Mathematical sciences and chemical > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry ( theoretical chemistry ),chemical physics > Chemical kinetics,catalysis > Chemical kinetics
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