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Water Consumption Rule and Microclimate Ecology Suitablity of Intercropping System of Pepper with Wheat

Author: WangJian
Tutor: CaiHuanJie
School: Northwest University of Science and Technology
Course: Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering
Keywords: wheat pepper intercropping system water consumption rule microclimate economic effectiveness
CLC: S641.3
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 101
Quote: 1
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Abstract


Intercropping system is a planting pattern which harvests economic yield above two crops in the limited soil area and time. Its purpose is to decrease the adversity and market risk. Taken the intercropping system of wheat with pepper as the object of study, this text studied the water consumption rule, hydraulic conductivity of crop root system, resistance to water-flow, spectrum effect of crop canopy and rhizosphere soil, changed microclimate factors in the rows of wheat and pepper, compensation effect between overground and downground, and the influence of intercropping system on pepper quality. The main results are as follows:(1) The division method to breeding stages was determined in the intercropping system pattern. We also analysised the correalation of day water consumption intensity of wheat and pepper between intercropping system and single cropping, and the correlation coefficient was 0.99 and 0.95 respectively.(2) The root system hydraulic conductivity in I2 cropping pattern was greater than that in I1 cropping pattern under the suffcient irriation and deficit irrigation conditions. The root system hydraulic conductivity under the suffcient irriation and deficit irrigation conditions in I2 treatments were 2.12 and 1.58 respectively, while they were 1.28 and 1.05 respectively in I1 treatments. Namely I2 suffcient irriation >I2 deficit irrigation >I1 suffcient irriation>I1 deficit irrigation.(3) The root system resistance to water-flow in I1 cropping pattern was greater than that in I2 cropping pattern when the irrigation water amount was same. The root system resistance to water-flow was 4.68 and 7.81 respectively in I2 and I1 treatments with the sufficient irrigation, while it was 6.06 and 9.56 respectively in I2 and I1 treatments with the deficit irrigation. The root system resistance to water-flow with deficit irrigation was grater than that with suffici` ent irrigation when the planting pattern was same. After synthesized the influence of planting pattern and irrigaiton level on root system resistance to water-flow, the root system resistance to water-flow was I1 deficit irrigation>I1 suffcient irriation>I2 deficit irrigation>I2 suffcient irriation.(4) Under the sufficient irrigation condition, the influence of planting pattern on the reflectivity of wheat canopy in different optical band was small, the reflectivity of CK2 treatment in the pepper seedling stage with different optical band was smaller than I1 and I2 treatments, while in the flowering stage, it was CK2>I1>I2. Under the deficit irrigation condition, the influence of planting pattern on the reflectivity of wheat canopy in different optical band was big. When the optical band was 700-1000nm, the reflectivity in I2 was bigger than that in I1. The soil reflectivity in the pepper seedling stage with different optical band was CK>I2>I1, while it was constrast in the pepper flowering stage.(5) In the wheat single planting stage, the day average temperature of 0~25 cm soil layers among the rows was 1.61℃higher than that among the plants in the intercropping system, while it was 0.50~1.28℃lower in single wheat planting than that in the intercropping system, and the difference value decreased with the increasing of row space. In the intergrowth stage of wheat with pepper, the temperature was 0.38~1.04℃higher in single wheat planting than that in the intercropping system, and the difference value increased with the increasing of row space; the temperature was about 5.0℃higher in single pepper planting than that in the intercropping system. In the pepper single planting stage, the temperature was 1.07~1.38℃higher that in the intercropping system, and the difference value decreased with the increasing of row space.(6) In the intercropping system of wheat with pepper, the wind speed increased with the higher canopy height, and the wind speed changed greatly above 50 cm, while it changed small under 50 cm; the wind speed decreased with the increasing of row space. The wind speed correalation was good in 25 cm and 50 cm of the canopy, and the correaltion coefficient was above 0.90, while the wind speed correalation was bad in 25 cm and 75 cm of the canopy, and its correaltion coefficient was 0.45～0.69. There was big difference about the wind speed in 50 cm and 75 cm in these two planting patterns, and the correaltion coefficient was 0.50 and 0.83 in I1 and I2 respectively.(7) The change of dry matter cumulation of wheat root in different soil layers decreased with the increasing of wheat rows. The root was mainly concentrated in the 0~20 cm layers under planting patternⅠandⅡ, and the root amount among the plants in 0~20 cm layers was 68% and 66% of that in 0~100 cm layers respectively, while the root amount among the rows in 0~20 cm layers was 51% and 61% of that in 0~50 cm layers respectively.(8) The overground and underground dry matter accumulation decreased with the decreasing of wheat planting intensity. The ratio between underground and overground was 0.196, 0.142 and 0.133 respectively.(9) The percentage between wheat seed weight and stem weight was 64%, 77%, 117% respectively in CK1, I1and II2 treatments. The increase rate of thousand-grain weight had big difference, and the comparison treatment was only 2.52%, while the intercropping system was above 15.55%.(10) the soluble protein and soluble solid content was bigger in single pepper planting treatment than that in the intercropping system under the sufficient irrigation condition, while Vc and capsaicine content was on the contrary, and the fruit water content had no big difference. The influence rule of water deficit irrigation on crop quality in intercropping system was consistency with that in the sufficient irrigation, but the values had big difference.(11)The results about the economic effectiveness analysis indicated that I2 pattern got the highest income 116.3 thousand yuan per hm2 , which was grater 12.9 thousand yuan per hm2 than pepper single planting and 59 thousand yuan per hm2 than continuous cropping of wheat and corn.

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