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Effect of Mulching and Fertilization on the Winter Wheat Growth and Soil Fertility in Loess Yuan Region

Author: WangXiaoFeng
Tutor: TianXiaoHong
School: Northwest University of Science and Technology
Course: Plant Nutrition
Keywords: Winter wheat different mulching and fertilization measures water nitrate-N potassium
CLC: S512.11
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 53
Quote: 1
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Abstract

Drought and water shortage has become an important issue which influences the food security in China. In dryland farming region of the Loess Plateau, the drought and low soil fertility has limited the development of local agricultural production seriously. How to utilize limited water resource effectively, to improve water use efficiency of crop, and to improvement of soil fertility, which is becoming the key of improving the productivity level of drought farmland. In this paper, aiming at these problems, 7 treatments had been designed, aimed at gathering farthest natural rainwater, decreasing ineffective evaporation. Limited precipitation could be used to production of crop. The purposes lied in raising soil fertility, improving the soil structure, increasing soil water storage, making the crop seedlings more vigorously, and creating a better growth environment for crops. A field experiment was conducted from September 2007 to July 2008 to investigate the effect of mulching and fertilization on soil moisture in winter wheat field of Wangdonggou Experimental area in Weibei Dryland region of the Loess Plateau. There were seven mulch and fertilizer treatments: 1) no fertilizer, 2) conventional farmer fertilization, 3) recommended fertilization, 4) recommended fertilization + manure, 5) recommended fertilization + plastic mulch on soil ridges, 6) recommended fertilization + plastic mulch on soil ridges and straw mulch in furrows, and 7) recommended fertilization + straw mulch applied to the entire plot. Soil moisture content was determined regularly with a neutron probe. The variation characteristics of soil moisture under different cultivation measures, potassium supplying status in soil, spatial variability of different forms potassium in soil profile, which was studied on dryland on Loess Plateau region.(1) recommended fertilization + plastic mulch on the soil ridges and straw mulch in the furrows resulted in the greatest increase in soil water storage in dry season (spring), which was 48.2 mm higher than the lowest in the treatment of recommended fertilization + manure, and maintained the soil water to the critical stage crops needed. It was suggested that these two mulch treatments could store more natural rainfall in field and would benefit the development of rainfed agriculture in dryland region of the Loess Plateau.(2) Leaf area of winter wheat in all treatments was no significant differences at jointing stage, it was the largest under the measure of plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow in booting stage and filling stage, but the measure of plastic mulching on the soil ridge was the largest in mature period. The wheat biomass was the highest under chemical fertilizers combined with manure in jointing stage, it was the highest under the measure of plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow in other growth period. Spike length、grain weight per spike and grains per spike were greater under the measure of plastic mulching on the soil ridge, and the measure of plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow was only next to it. There were significant correlation between grains per spike and grain weight per spike, and the correlation was not significant among other factors.(3) Before sowing, there was higher nitrogen accumulation in 100 cm soil profiles. After the growing season, comparison of different mulching and fertilization measures, the lowest soil nitrate-N content appeared in soil profiles at depth of 0-60 cm under the measure of recommended fertilization + plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow, that because the measure were beneficial to accumulate more natural rainfall, which can increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. Grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer agronomy efficiency of the measure of recommended fertilization + plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow were the highest .(4) Soil sample was collected from dry farmland at experimental area before sowing, and various forms of K were determined. Studied on present situation of soil potassium, and revealed its spatial variation law and soil potassium supplying status in field scale. The results showed that potassium resource of absorbed and used crop was better abundant. The spatial variability of total potassium and mineral K were relative small, Readily available K、slowly available K and available K showed a contrary tendency. Significant correlation was found between slowly available K and available K. K supply intensity of soil surface (0-20 cm) was highest.In a word, the measure of recommended fertilization + plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow and recommended fertilization and plastic mulching on the soil ridge were beneficial to accumulate more natural rainfall, which can increasing crop yield by increasing water and nutrient use efficiency. the measure of recommended fertilization + plastic mulching on the soil ridge and straw mulching in furrow was a cultivation measure that can collect rainfall and moisture conservation, culture fertility, increase yield and quality, which has prodigious popularization value for wheat production in loess yuan region.

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CLC: > Agricultural Sciences > Crop > Cereal crops > Wheat > Wheat > Winter wheat
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