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Preparation and Properties of Polyaniline Composite Material

Author: ChenJuan
Tutor: ZhouHaiZuo
School: Hunan University
Course: Applied Chemistry
Keywords: Composite material Polyaniline(PANI) Carbon material Pulse galvanostatic method(PGM) Galvanostatic method(GM)
CLC: TB332
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 670
Quote: 3
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Abstract


Electrode materials are related to the properties and cost of batteries and supercapacitors. Polyaniline-inorganic material composites are electrode materials which are recently applied in supercapacitors and batteries. These composites can totally combine advantages of double-layer capacitance of inorganic materials and pseudo-capacitance of polyaniline, and thereby the composites can provide not only the electro-catalytic activity of batteries, but also high specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability. Polyaniline-inorganic material composites with different morphologies in polyaniline can be synthesized through different electrochemical methods. In this dissertation, polyaniline-Na+-montmorillonite, polyaniline-graphite, polyaniline-graphene oxide, polyaniline-multi-carbon nanotube and-polyaniline-graphene composites were prepared and investigated. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the as prepared composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV) and chronoamerometry method. The main points in this dissertation are summarized as follows:(1)Polyaniline-Na+-montmorillonite(PANI-Na+-MMT)composite material was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization method. Preparation process of aniline-Na+-montmorillonite precursor was discussed in detail. XRD, SEM and electrochemical method were used to characterize the composite. XRD result shows that the interlamellar space of Na+-MMT increases obviously after being intercalated by aniline. Moreover, the interlamellar space of Na+-MMT after electropolymerization is bigger than that of pure Na+-MMT, but smaller than that of aniline intercalated Na+-MMT. The result of electropolymerization indicates that the polymerization behavior of aniline intercalated Na+-MMT in nitric acid solution is obviously different from that of common aniline. There appears one more pair of redox peaks in the initial polymerization, then the redox peaks gradually decrease and finally disappear. SEM image shows that the Na+-MMT composite material after electropolymerization becomes denser. The electrocatalytic properties of the PANI-Na+-MMT modified electrode for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol and redox of potassium ferricyanide are excellent. (2)Polyaniline-graphite (PANI-PG), polyaniline-graphene oxide (PANI-GONs) and polyaniline-multi-carbon nanotube (PANI-MWCNTs) were synthesized by elelctrochemical polymerization method. Preparation process of grahite oxide was discussed. Pt nanoparticles was electrodeposited on to the surface of PANI-PG, PANI-GONs and PANI-MWCNTs composites. The electrochemical performames of the composies were investigated by CV and chronoamperometry. PANI-PG, PANI-GONs and PANI-MWCNTs composites were used as the catalysts for catalytic oxidation of potassium ferricyanide. The Pt nanoparticles loaded on the surface of the three composites exhibit different electrocatalytic activities for formic acid oxidation. With the equivalent loading mass of Pt, the electrocatalytic activity of Pt-PANI-MWCNTs modified electrode is higher than that of Pt-PANI-GONs and Pt-PANI-PG modified electrodes. Moreover, Pt-PANI-GONs is better than Pt-PANI-GONs. Long-term cycle stability investigation of the three composites implys that Pt-PANI-MWCNTs has the best stability among these composites.(3)Polyaniline(PANI)-graphene nanosheet(GNS) composites with different polyaniline morphologies were synthesized by pulse galvanostatic method (PGM)and the galvanostatic method(GM). The morphology and structure of pure GNS, PANI-GNS-PGM and PANI-GNS-GM composites were examined by SEM and TEM. Electrochemical properties were characterized by CV and galvanostatic charge/discharge. TEM result shows that the GNS is amorphous in structure. Different PANI morphologies can be obtained by controlling the synthesis method. For PANI-GNS-PGM composite, tube-like PANI doped with stacking GNS nanosheets discretionarily. Nevertheless, for PANI-GNS-GM composite, PANI is coated with the GNS with small sheet morphology. Because the morphology of polyaniline affects the interface conditions of PANI-GNS composites, the capacitive performances of PANI-GNS composites are better than that of pure GNS. Specific capacitance of 377 F/g and 243 F/g were obained with PANI-GNS-GM and PANI-GNS-PGM composites, respectively, and 171 F/g with GNS.

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CLC: > Industrial Technology > General industrial technology > Materials science and engineering > Composite materials > Non-metallic composite materials
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