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With the construction and development of the open pit mines, open-pit mining will be the destruction of the mine land resources and ecological environment worsening ecological restoration of mining wasteland has become urgent task currently facing. In order to understand the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, Jungar mine reclamation process of soil microbial composition and variation to explore the relationship between the reclamation area on the ground vegetation recovery phase and soil microorganisms change. In this thesis, directly or indirectly, by the determination of the quantity of microorganisms, soil biological activity and soil physical and chemical nature of the changes reflect different reclamation time. Conventional analysis methods based on the use of the technology of PCR-DGGE analysis of soil microbial communities in different vegetation restoration reclamation time polymorphism and changes. Research the following conclusions: (1) changes in the quantity of microorganisms from the overall quantity of microbiological point of view, the various types of soil microbial quantity with the reclamation time changes showed significant differences, the respective percentages for bacteria 78.77% -99.84 authigenic diazotrophs 0.04% -20.95% 0.01% -0.89% actinomycetes, fungi 0.00% -0.02%, the largest number of bacteria, fungi minimum number. The number of various types of soil microbial basically CK1 more than the control. (2), microbial biomass carbon in soil biological activity with reclamation time change, not change the order of performance under two different types, analysis of variance showed that the two kinds of the vegetation configuration mode type under different reclamation microbial biomass carbon to achieve a significant difference. Each variation of soil enzyme activities (urease, invertase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase) are also different, not directly related to changes in the law and Reclamation time, factors that affect soil biological activity is complex 's. (3) changes in the soil nutrient reclamation time, full-carbon and total nitrogen has similar variation; the total phosphorus potassium content analysis, were higher than those of the two vegetation configuration mode type control CK1; different reclamation time soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus were lower, while higher levels of total potassium, and low soil nitrogen and phosphorus content of the study area, the high potassium content consistent. Nutrient content reclamation time showed no regular changes. (4) The molecular biology techniques can be successfully applied to the soil of the mine. Soil samples extracted microbial DNA, and fully meet the subsequent molecular biology experiments. The purpose of bacterial samples 16SrDNA gene (V6-V8 region) and fungi samples 18SrDNA PCR amplification of the desired gene product is also fully meet DGGE experimental requirements. (5) soil bacteria and fungi DGGE electrophoresis pattern differences are obvious differences that reflect the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities. Simpson and Shannon diversity index showed the diversity of different reclamation period variation is more consistent, arbor, shrub and grass aboveground artificial communities, or legume - grass forages type community, with the reclamation increase soil bacteria and fungi diversity differences and changes, there is no regularity. Compared with the control CK1 and CK2, the the different reclamation period of time plots diversity to be significantly higher than the control. (6) PCR-DGGE technology in the experimental study can be successfully applied to the study of soil microorganisms. Drawn by the study, the Ordos Zhungeer different surface mine reclamation time related to soil bacteria, can be subsumed under seven bacterial groups: the Firmicutes (Firmicutes), (Bacteroidetes) Bacteroides door, the actinomycetes door ( Bud Aeromonas the door (Gemmatimonadetes) and unclassified bacterial clone sequences (Unclassified bacteria), of which the actinomycetes door is the most important bacterial groups. Related to soil fungi, can be subsumed under the four fungal taxa: Ascomycota (Ascomycota), balloon bacteria door (Glomeromycota), Basidiomycota (Basidiomycota) and unclassified fungal clone sequences (Unclassified fungi), which ascus bacteria door is the most important groups of fungi. Meanwhile, in different reclamation involves 69 sequence of the cloning and sequencing of a soil bacterium, uncultured bacteria 43, 62.3% of the total number of bacteria. Related to fungal sequences of the 37 clones sequenced, 10 uncultured fungi, 27.0% of the total number of fungi. To prove the application of molecular biology, PCR-DGGE technique can reveal the more comprehensive microorganisms in the soil ecosystem.
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