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Investigation of Preparing Liquid Fuels from Fats by Catalytic Cracking

Author: ChenJie
Tutor: JiangJianChun
School: Chinese Academy of Forestry
Course: Forest Chemical Process Engineering
Keywords: Grease Catalytic cracking Solid acid Distillation reaction Esterification Liquid fuel
CLC: TE667
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 109
Quote: 1
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Abstract


Fats are an important class of renewable resources, is an important raw material for transesterification biodiesel prepared. Fatty acid methyl ester class biodiesel, however, there are many defects in the production cost and nature of certain difficulties encountered in practical applications. To this end, this study prepared oil as raw material, the use of catalytic cracking of high calorific value, low temperature fluidity good renewable liquid fuel oil. Study the catalytic cracking process and the corresponding acid number of regulatory mechanism, and preparation of efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, the main contents and results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Study oil catalytic cracking mechanism, process and its product characteristics. By thermogravimetry - the amount of thermal analysis to study the mechanism of the catalytic cracking process, raised alkaline catalyst catalytic cracking new technology. The effects of the three catalytic cracking reactor, including batch reactor, a rotary cone type reactor and the catalytic distillation reactor. The study corresponding cleavage process and determines that the catalytic distillation reaction is the preparation of catalytic cracking of liquid fuel suitable method. The optimum conditions were as follows: as the catalyst, the temperature of the distillation column, the of Na 2 CO 3 320 3 50 ° C, pyrolysis temperature of 450 5 00 ℃, feed rate of 35 g / h. The preparation of fuel performance are as follows: density of 825 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.0 mm2 / s, the calorific value of 42 MJ / kg, and the condensation point -9 ° C cold filter plugging point -4 ° C. Comparing the fatty acid methyl ester class biodiesel, low temperature fluidity and thermal values ??were significantly improved. Next in the process conditions and to study the catalytic cracking of palm oil, Jatropha oil, light skin oil, tung oil and four oil effect. Results show that catalytic distillation cleavage method has a good adaptability of raw materials, the composition of the product after the catalytic cracking corroboration by GC-MS, the main carbon chain of less than C24 alkane, olefin compound, and a small amount of aldehyde, carboxylic acids and other compounds. Studied the catalytic properties of the solid acid catalyst, and to characterize its structure. The results show that, by hydrothermal synthesis was prepared mesoporous ZrO 2 as the carrier (M-ZrO 2 ), S 2 O 8 2 - promote acidic group are prepared by the solid acid has good catalytic activity. Determine the the catalyst S 2 O 8 2 - / M-ZrO 2 better preparation conditions: S < sub> 2 O the 2 - concentration of salt solution 2.5mol / L, the calcination temperature of 550 ° C, the roasting time 3 h. The The adoption of XRD, TG DSC, N , 2 adsorption-desorption and SEM for M-ZrO 2 and S 2 O 8 2 - / M-ZrO 2 structure characterization. The results showed that: the mesoporous of ZrO 2 , a specific surface area of ??398.0m2 / g, average pore diameter of 5.67 nm, the amorphous or tiny grains exist; S 2 O 8 2 - / M-ZrO 2 , the specific surface area and pore volume than the mesoporous ZrO small, was the tetragonal phase, the surface is not flat, was more cavities the honeycomb loose structure. Acetic acid, ethanol esterification reaction as a model reaction, SO 2-/M-ZrO 2 catalyzed esterification rate reached 51.4%. The esterification better. 2 O 8 2 - / M-ZrO 2 solid acid catalysts studied oil pyrolysis liquid product (pyrolysis oil) Koh-control method. The optimum conditions are: selection of 4% of the S 2 O 8 2 - / M-ZrO 2 solid acid The catalyst, m (methanol): m (cracked oil) = 0.3, the cleavage of the acid value fell to 6 mgKOH / g, the esterification rate reached 94.4%; reused three times, the esterification rate was reduced to 84.8%. Cleavage of the carboxylic acid in the oil in the FT-IR and GC-MS analysis showed that the esterification has been esterified to produce the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The calorific value of the pyrolysis oil by esterification to 42 kJ / g; acid value dropped by 59 mgKOH / g 6 mgKOH / g; viscosity falls within the standard range of 0 # diesel; condensation point and cold filter plugging point were: - 10 ℃ and -8 ℃, superior to the bio-diesel, and better low temperature fluidity. By the esterification product of an alkali treatment, the acid value can be further reduced to 0.4mgKOH / g.

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