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Crop Productivity and Nutrient Loss Feature in Rotation Crop Systems and an Study on Fertilization in Relay Cropping Rice with Wheat in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

Author: LiChengLi
Tutor: YangTeWu
School: Huazhong Agricultural University
Course: Plant Physiology
Keywords: Rotation Wheat rice Crop yields Nutrient loss Nutrient uptake Fertilization levels Danjiangkou Reservoir
CLC: S157
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2010
Downloads: 54
Quote: 0
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Abstract


Danjiangkou Reservoir as the the Danjiangkou ground, the water quality conditions related to the safety of drinking water, and the success or failure of the south-to-north water diversion project for the future of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Danjiangkou Reservoir eutrophication hidden while the proportion of agricultural non-point source pollution load and constantly increase the current situation in the reservoir area slope arable farmland compared several different winter and summer crop rotation mode in different fertilization level of crop productivity farmland nutrient distribution and runoff losses difference; \to carry out agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention and control technology research and promotion of conservation tillage technology to provide an experimental basis in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The study made the following main results: 1. The sloping land winter crops, oilseed rape production efficiency significantly higher than wheat, in existing fertilizer levels improve fertilizer can significantly improve crop yields and increase economic benefits. Summer crops, planting corn highest economic benefits, improve fertilizer can significantly improve \sweet potato yield obvious mode; habits fertilization levels, the rape - sesame \From the production benefit considerations, the sloping land ideal rotation mode \2 the farmland runoff generation and soil erosion by rainfall significantly affected, but there are obvious differences in the different crop rotation production system. Habits fertilization levels, agricultural runoff total volume and total soil erosion smallest wheat - corn, wheat - sesame. High yield cultivation fertilization level in three local commonly used in rotation mode \the total erosion are the largest. Agricultural runoff generation and soil erosion are generally larger in the early growth stage of the crop, post smaller; summer crop growing season runoff and soil erosion accounts for more than 70% of the annual crop production period. 3 the the farmland nutrient runoff loss and precipitation are closely related, showing a trend of increase with rainfall increases, the early loss of the proportion of crop growth and two quarters. Conventional fertilization level, the loss of total nitrogen (TN), wheat - corn rotation mode smallest wheat - sesame, mainly by the loss of nitrate (N03 - N) form a higher proportion of cause; minimum total phosphorus (TP) loss to wheat - corn rotation mode, rape - sesame \smallest wheat - corn rotation mode, rape - sesame \Conditions improve fertilization level increased wheat - sweet potato crop rotation mode TN loss, rape - corn rotation mode TP loss increased wheat - sweet potato rotation models The DTK loss increasing trend. 4 different crop rotation system the nutrient uptake obvious differences. Conventional fertilization level to rape - corn \The loss of one of the factors. Different crop rotation systems and soil organic matter and nitrogen content in a downward trend, but phosphorus and potassium content in an upward trend, and the trend is more pronounced in the high yield cultivation fertilization level. Reduce farmland nitrogen and phosphorus losses considerations, sloping land in the reservoir area suitable crop rotation mode of choice for wheat - corn, followed by \wheat - corn rotation mode nitrogen loss and increased risk of phosphorus loss and increased risk of rape - corn rotation mode. Formation is mainly determined by 7. Wheat rice production system in rice production in the panicles and panicle, NPK reasonable fertilization can significantly improve the yield of 168.0 kgN · hm-2, respectively, in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization 75.0 kg P2O5 · hm-2, 90.0 kgK2O hm-2, the highest yield of up to 6889 kg · hm-2 8. fertilization on rice yield in wheat rice production system to nitrogen fertilization largest potassium In second place, the lowest phosphorus. Nitrogen fertilization highest yield by 92.8%, apparent nutrient utilization rate was 52.9%; phosphorus highest yield was 8.6%, nutrient utilization rate was 13.0%; potassium highest yield was 11.3%, and the apparent The utilization rate of 69.8%. According to the model analysis, wheat rice rice production system suitable fertilizer 188.0 kg N · hm-2, 30.0 kg P2O5 hm-2, and a 85.0 kgK2O · hm-2.

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CLC: > Agricultural Sciences > Agriculture as the foundation of science > Soil > Soil and Water Conservation
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