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The eventual emergence of Ad Hoc network provided an effective solution for any person exchange information at any time, any place with anyone in any way, its role under special circumstances is also can not be replaced by a wired network or cellular mobile networks and, therefore, attracted much attention of researchers. Ad Hoc network is a self-organizing structure by the mobile node, this typical non-center, multi-hop networks have neither the base station, nor fixed network infrastructure; the node is a router itself. These characteristics of Ad Hoc network determine its internal nodes can not obtain stable external power supply, you must use batteries as their energy supply. Compared with a fixed infrastructure network nodes, Ad Hoc network nodes as its limited energy constraints, it has the character that high cost of power effective and short life, the statement of energy usage have a great impact on the network topology and other performance. To sum up, during the network system design, energy efficiency is an essential measure, so for the Ad Hoc network research could focus on network energy optimization problems.The main contents include the following:First, the article outlines the unique advantages of Ad Hoc networks and the problems, their key technology and development, the basic concept of it, this area of research institutions and research status of a wide range of application areas are briefly described; then, introduced the energy policy of traditional Ad Hoc routing protocol stack layers, which analyzed the problems and defects. Next, summarize the various energy efficiency of existing routing protocols and their characteristics and scope of the different types of energy optimization strategy.Secondly, the article compared the performance of the energy control of three typical traditional Ad Hoc networks routing protocols AODV, DSR, DSDV, and using simulation experiments conducted to analyze the experimental results through NS-2 simulation platform. Considering the result of experience, we decided to improve energy optimization routing algorithm based on the AODV protocol.Third, through the energy optimization characteristics of the Ad Hoc networks’network layer, MAC sub-layer and physical layer, we abstract its network model through random graph theory and the model derived on the basis of network capacity, equilibrium degree of importance and the network node is calculated. Based on the above theoretical analysis, we advanced a new routing measurement -- a balanced energy flow and routing metric (Traffic and Energy Balanced Protocal, TEBP). The routing measurement considers the factors such as node residual energy, link layer congestion level, the transmission range of nodes together, as a node cost function to transmit a message, and replaced the single hop routing algorithm as a measure of the standard, making the network node’s energy is not only more uniform, rational use, but also balance the network traffic, improve the network throughput.Finally, we analysised and simulated the TEBP protocol through NS-2 network simulation platform. Experiments show that, TEBP not only balanced flow algorithm, but also evenly distributed the energy consumption in all parts of the network, thus improving network performance, increasing network throughput and energy efficiency, and reducing the average end to end delay, and further improving network performance, extending the network lifetime, reflecting the control of its energy performance advantage. Therefore, TEBP protocol is an Ad Hoc network routing of good performance in energy control.
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