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Effects of Cadmium on Physiological Characteristics, Pod Yield and Seed Quality of Peanut and the Regulation of Calcium

Author: GaoFang
Tutor: LiXiangDong
School: Shandong Agricultural University
Course: Crop Cultivation and Farming System
Keywords: Peanut Cadmium Stress Calcium Fertilizers Physiological characteristics Yield Seeds Quality
CLC: S565.2
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 82
Quote: 0
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Abstract


The test in 2009-2010 Shandong Agricultural University, Agriculture Experiment Station. A pot experiment, the choice of high oil peanut varieties Yuhua 15 and high-protein germplasm XB023 study materials for the test, different concentrations of cadmium processing peanut physiological characteristics and yield quality and different concentrations of calcium on cadmium stress under different quality type peanut varieties physiological characteristics, yield and quality regulation. The main findings are as follows: 1 cadmium on the physiological characteristics of the different quality type peanut varieties (lines) applied cadmium content 1.00mg/Kg and 2.50mg/Kg peanut nutrition can promote growth, Shi cadmium content 7.50mg/Kg and 15.00mg / Kg, inhibition of vegetative growth, the XB023 resistance to cadmium stress concentration threshold above Yuhua 15. Mild cadmium stress (1.00mg/Kg) of two varieties (lines) leaves in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and protective enzyme activities have little effect, the leaves did not show obvious aging; the moderate cadmium stress (2.50mg/Kg) is reduced Henan spent 15 chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, but an increase of SOD, POD, CAT activity, leaves no signs of aging, not XB023 leaves; severe cadmium stress (7.50mg/Kg) significantly reduced Yuhua 15 and XB023 chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, reduce the protective enzyme activity, MDA content, the leaves began to significantly aging. Cd treatment significantly reduced two of the test material leaves the glutamine synthetase enzyme (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity. After the outside source Shi cadmium, Yuhua the 15 and XB023 seed, the cadmium content increased significantly, and beyond our edible peanut health indicators (the cadmium content ≤ 0.5mg/Kg). Mild to moderate cadmium stress increase the calcium content in the various organs in the peanut cadmium severe stress lower calcium content in various organs in the peanut. Two varieties (Department of), XB023 compared body calcium content was higher than Yuhua 15.2 cadmium cadmium stress on the yield and quality of the different quality type peanut varieties (lines) reduced pod and kernel yield of two varieties (lines) Yuhua 15 significantly lower yield moderate cadmium stress (2.50 mg / Kg), XB023 in severe cadmium stress (7.50mg/Kg), production began to significantly decline. Of cadmium stress on the quality of different quality types of peanut, cadmium stress increased Yuhua 15 the seed total soluble sugar content, reducing the fat and protein content and oleic / linoleic acid (O / L) ratio; reduced XB023 kernel soluble sugar content, fat content and O / L ratio, light to moderate cadmium stress increase seed protein content and lysine and threonine amino acid composition. Description sensitive than the high-protein varieties XB023 susceptible to cadmium pollution in the production of high-oil varieties Yuhua 15 to cadmium stress. 3 calcium regulation of cadmium stress applied calcium can alleviate the inhibition caused by cadmium stress on peanut main stem height and branch length, increase the peanut plant dry weight, ease of cadmium stress on peanut photosynthesis inhibition, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate increase leaves superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide enzyme (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activity and soluble protein content, reduce the amount of accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), to reduce cadmium stress on peanut leaves damage Senescence. Applied calcium can alleviate cut effect of cadmium stress on peanut to increase pod and kernel yield, mainly due to its yield increased pod number per plant and shelling percentage. The Shi calcium kernel soluble sugar conversion to crude fat and protein can contribute to increase the protein content of the seed kernel fat peanut seed kernel quality improvement under Cd stress. Shi calcium can reduce the cadmium content in two varieties (lines) seed, 15 lowering effect XB023 Yuhua. Applied calcium mitigation mechanism under two varieties (lines) to cadmium stress peanuts may be different, Yuhua 15 in terms of applied calcium may mainly by reducing the plants' absorption of cadmium to alleviate the stress caused by damage of cadmium of XB023 is concerned, Shi calcium may promote vegetative growth, improvement of physiological characteristics, thereby enhancing resistance to cadmium stress.

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CLC: > Agricultural Sciences > Crop > Economic crops > Oil crops > Peanut
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