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Influence of Concurrent Working Memory Load on the Word-face Stroop Effect

Author: ZhangYaRu
Tutor: XuZhan
School: Southwestern University
Course: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Keywords: Working memory load Emotional conflicts. Word - face Stroop paradigm Perceptual Load Theory Load specific mechanism
CLC: B842.3
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 199
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Abstract

Emotional conflict refers to the emotional stimuli unrelated the interference current cognitive tasks or strongly opposite emotions at the same time causing a direct conflict between the emotions. Word - face Stroop paradigm used to study the emotional conflict and specific practices is presented emotional words: emotional faces superimposed the faces and words of emotional potency is consistent or inconsistent conditions, requirements were on the face or on the word emotional potency judgment. Mood corresponding version of the word - face Stroop paradigm can be seen as a classic color word Stroop effect, there are differences when the reaction under the two conditions, faster under consistent conditions, emotional conflicts of the word - face Stroop effect. Emotional conflict evolved cognitive conflict based on the help of cognitive conflict theory and methods to study the emotional conflicts it possible, in particular, benefit from the progress of the Stroop effect. Explain the cognitive conflict theory, a representative of the perceptual load theory. The theory is that the presence of cognitive control mechanisms - the allocation of resources in the selective attention task perceptual load by the current level of decision: If the current task perceptual load is low, the process is only part of the resource-consuming extra resources will automatically overflow, to deal with the interference term interference effect; perceptual load of the current task and limited resources are depleted, processing tasks unrelated to interference stimulation is not, it will not produce the interference effect of the dilution effect. Working memory load load specific mechanisms that promote or damage the process of selective attention, depending on working memory load while the main task is how to overlap. In a selective attention task, when the working memory share the same limited processing mechanism project with the main task of the target item, the load will cause a lack of control, resulting in increased interference effects. Working memory items Day distractors share the same processing mechanism, the load will be diluted interference effect, is conducive to the completion of the main task. The domestic Hugeng Dan et al interference effects and negative priming effect indicator examines the impact of three different types of working memory load position distractors processing. They believe that the interference terms of the process can be divided into the activation phase and suppression stage, working memory load position interference items activated processing results of the the load specific mechanism role, and its position interference term suppression processing is recognized know the results of the control mechanism of the role. In general, working memory load impact position distractors processing should be the result of the combined effect of these two mechanisms. The focus of this study, these three theoretical debate, the dual-task paradigm, through three experiments to examine the impact of different types of working memory load of Stroop word - faces. Experiment 1 is 3 × 2 test within repeated experimental design. The argument for the types of missions, including baseline, verbal working memory missions and spatial working memory times task three levels. Argument two words - face the emotional potency consistency, including words and faces emotional potency inconsistent two levels. The main requirements were completed to determine word valence task word - face Stroop task and found that, compared to baseline, verbal working memory sub-task conditions words - face Stroop dilution effect, spatial working memory sub-task conditions The next words - faces Stroop effect persists. The analysis of the results, there may be three, two working memory load missions may be different, and therefore affect the main task of processing. Second, the emotional Stroop dilution effect may also be initiated verbal working memory sub-task conditions. Again, the specificity of the emotional conflict processing mechanism, different from the general cognitive conflict, so the original theory to explain difficult words - face Stroop effect. In order to verify the possible causes, design experiments. Experiment 2 to 4 × 2 within the design, since a variable of the type of missions, including the baseline neutral term memory missions, emotional word memory missions, task four levels of start times. Consistency of the two independent variables for the word face emotional potency. Experiment 2 In the same judgment the words of the the words emotional potency main task - the face of Stroop new emotional words in working memory and perceptual priming two missions, and still only get a word in verbal working memory sub-task conditions face Stroop dilution effect. Missions in the main task before the process does not exist to the start of the voice processing mechanism, which once again prove the stability of the results of Experiment 1 is also confirmed by experimental analysis - neutral term working memory sub-task conditions word a face the Stroop dilution of effect is not perceived start. It is the total resources, as well as specific resources associated with emotional processing these two competing coexistence, at the same time play a role in the emotional words in working memory sub-task conditions, there will be the word - faces Stroop effect. It needs to be emphasized is that the task and the main task of emotional words in working memory times were different word emotional words. To further validate the inference of the experiment 2, the design of the experiment 3. Experiment 3, 3 × 2 within-subject design argument for the type of missions, including the baseline neutral term memory missions, emotional memory sub-tasks and three levels. Two independent variables for the word - faces the emotional potency of consistency. Experiment 3 study to determine the titer of the main tasks of facial emotion words - face Stroop effect, compared to baseline, increase the neutral term verbal working memory missions words - face Stroop effect, increase the emotional words in working memory missions occurs when words - face Stroop dilution effect. This proves the correctness of Experiment 2 inference due to emotional faces more emotional characteristics, so to complete the word judge word valence - face Stroop task than judge faces emotional potency word - face Stroop task requires more resources neutral term working memory missions, so the same word - face Stroop task is the main task to judge word valence, working memory load, a dilution effect, the main task of the judge faces emotional potency word - face Stroop task, the extra resources to processing tasks and interference, so the word - face Stroop effect still occurs. This is consistent with the perceptual load theory. The research results show that (1) working memory load on word - face Stroop conflict task influential to, but the emotional conflict is different from the general cognitive conflict processing mechanism is unique, emotional disturbance term is a key factor. (2) working memory load word - face Stroop effect depends on two aspects, first, whether to take up all the resources, whether emotional information added (that is, the type of load the main tasks and interference relationship). (3) Perceptual Load Theory and load specific mechanism theory are not contradictory, they are only part of the interpretation of the results of this study, the need to integrate the two theories in order to better explain the phenomenon of emotional conflict.

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