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Research and Improvement of LEACH Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

Author: ChangMingXu
Tutor: FangZhiYi
School: Jilin University
Course: Computer System Architecture
Keywords: Wireless sensor networks Routing protocol LEACH Improved Algorithm MATLAB simulation
CLC: TN915.04
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 227
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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks as a new next-generation sensor networks and its applications in the national security and the national economy are of great significance and value. States WSN research and development investment in the growing number of human, financial and material resources, the era of wireless sensor networks has only just begun. Routing protocol of wireless sensor network technology is a key technology. Distribution with a large number of low-equipped sensor nodes in a WSN network, wirelessly exchange data transfer between these nodes. But the transfer of data in such a wireless manner is different from the traditional way of the network transmission data. It needs to always consider network energy consumption and storage capacity. Routing protocol is reflected in the network layer of the network protocol, it is mainly completed two functions: First, select the optimal path, the data transmission from the source node to the destination node; properly forward along the path of the selected data. This article describes several typical flat routing protocols (flood diffusion method, chatting diffusion method, the directional diffusion method, SPIN routing protocol) and hierarchical routing protocols (LEACH routing protocols, PEGASIS routing protocol, TEEN routing protocols and SPEED Routing Protocol ), and of these routing protocols classification comparison and performance analysis of each routing protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages of the respective adapt the range found in the analysis and comparison of these routing protocols, this is the reality applications to monitor the environment decision, different monitoring the nature of the environment is different. The main research object LEACH routing protocol. The LEACH routing protocols is a load uniform energy distribution agreement by dynamically create the cluster, the cluster head node to select the best path based on dynamic priority. By rotation each node will become a cluster head node, each node in the network load will be balanced as much as possible. Routing protocol LEACH cluster round divided into two steps, the first step is to set the cluster head node, the second step is fixed to achieve the transfer of data. In the first step, the cluster head node attendant to inform the general cluster node, the the general node also issued under the informed request message to the cluster. In the second step, WSN network data transfer, general node will collect information in order to transmit a wireless signal to the cluster head node within the cluster, the cluster head node to store such information, and based on this information to generate the corresponding cluster, the generation of a plurality of clusters so as to form a WSN network. LEACH routing protocol original model assumptions sensor network nodes have the same energy, which is the case of the homogeneous sensor network. In reality, the energy between the sensor nodes generally ranging sensor network life time is limited, it is necessary to re-energize, adding more nodes to sensor networks. These new nodes and old nodes compared to the energy difference, this heterogeneity. This paper studies the impact of heterogeneity of nodes on the network. This paper describes a heterogeneous wireless sensor network model in its initial node energy. First special set an energy model, and improve the method of calculating the optimal cluster head node. Assuming that a certain percentage of the sensor nodes other than the node has more energy configuration. And assuming these energy configuration Alleged the node is a non-uniform distribution in the network. Assume that an A = M × M such a large region, the region has n nodes are unevenly distributed in this region. The high energy of the number of nodes is the ratio of the total number of all nodes is m, assuming that the high energy nodes and node of the energy of the α-fold higher than the normal energy. The life cycle of the network to be extended in order to make the network more stable region, LEACH routing protocol related research, the study found that routing protocol LEACH can only adapt to the homogeneous wireless sensor network environment, homogeneity The wireless sensor network is in a network environment each sensor node all have the same resources and equipment, including energy, the wireless communication device, and data transmission equipment, etc., while this requirement is not adapted to the actual application environment. Under realistic conditions, the energy between the sensor nodes is typically ranging, such as a network of sensor nodes in the energy consumption and death, a new sensor nodes join, will result in the sensor nodes in the network equipped with different, especially energy on. The energy difference between the sensor nodes leads to the presence of the heterogeneous network. The study found the performance of the of LEACH routing protocols in a heterogeneous network is not very good. Based the LEACH routing protocols such a lack, through the improvement of LEACH routing protocol, routing protocol LEACH-J has been better than LEACH routing protocol in terms of performance. How to make the life cycle of the network to be extended in a heterogeneous network, LEACH-J agreement considering the focus became the key to extend the network life cycle, due to the presence of a high-energy node in the network, so how to use these energy efficient, In this paper, makes the high-energy weighted election of the cluster head node node additional energy more fully be applied to the network, the energy consumption of the entire network on tends to be more balanced, so that the network does not lead to the death of one or more nodes prematurely paralyzed state. Intuitively, we make high-energy node probability of higher than normal energy cluster head node to become a cluster head node probability better ensure the stable state of the network as a whole. By using MATLAB software simulation, and analysis from the experimental data, and come to this conclusion: not very good heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, LEACH routing protocol on the extension of the network lifecycle. LEACH-J routing protocol is better to extend the network stable time to time has been extended through the efficient use of high-energy node extra energy, so that the heterogeneity of network stability can be observed from the performance of the routing protocol LEACH-J , to achieve a better effect. Compared to the routing protocol LEACH routing protocol LEACH-J has superiority in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks to better balance the energy consumption in the network.

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