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Microbial transformation processes in soil material in the soil formation, the evolution of fertility, plant nutrition and soil structure of the effective formation and improvement of degradation and purification of toxic substances play an important role.However, due to the rapid increase in population in recent years, over-exploitation of natural resources, increasing pollution and invasive species, soil biological diversity is a strong interference, the diversity of many microbial groups decreased or even disappeared.Therefore, the microbial diversity in the maintenance of soil quality and maintain the stability of terrestrial ecosystems and the growing importance of health cause for concern.As the complexity of soil, the soil itself, the variability of imperfect reason and research methods limit the diversity of people in the past research on soil animals and plants compared to far behind.With modern technology, the rapid development of microbiology, microbial diversity of people to a deeper understanding.Fertilization of field crops continued to increase biomass plays a key role, but a lot of fertilizer applied tremendous pressure on the environment.Anthropogenic nitrogen input farmland ecosystem is the largest agricultural chemicals, nitrogen into the environment will lead to eutrophication of surface water, groundwater nitrate concentration, and increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, affecting the sustainable social and economic.Development and human health.Although the annual application rate of nitrogen is one of the largest in the world, but the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer is not high, reasonable fertilization to improve nitrogen use efficiency is becoming increasingly important.Therefore, this article will be farms in Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Darling gardening company based soil tested soil, the use of microbiology and analytical techniques of modern biology quinone fingerprinting, processing of different nitrogen to study microbial diversity in order to theoretically Described in different conditions of nitrogen fertilizer, soil microbial ecology of environmental change on the impact of population diversity case; In practice, monitoring and control of future changes in soil ecological environment, rational fertilization, protecting the environment to provide data for reference.The main results are as follows:Nitrogen application increased soil culturable bacteria, fungi, the number of actinomycetes, and increased with soil depth, soil culturable bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes reduced the increase in the number.The traditional way to make high-rate nitrogen application more pronounced increase in the number of bacteria, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer but reduce the number of bacteria.Different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer application on the impact of fungi is not great. Application of nitrogen in the soil less the number of actinomycetes similar to those with and without application of nitrogen fertilizer, the use of conventional high rate nitrogen application and optimization of nitrogen application actinomycetes similar.Fingerprinting by the application of quinone by the total soil microbial biomass also increased with soil depth decline.Nitrogen fertilizer at the same level, the content and types of quinones in 0-90cm soil changed little. Soil samples is less the content of ubiquinone, menaquinone in MK7 (H4), MK-8, MK-8 (H4), MK-9 and MK-10 (H4) of the quinone content of more species, and fertilization The soil than the soil without N fertilizer compared to menaquinone MK7 were significantly increased. The main microorganisms areδ&ε-subclass of Proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster, G(+) bacteria with low and some actinomycetes monocytogenes.By MK/Q values calculated N fertilizer in the soil is not anaerobic metabolism advantage. Optimization of nitrogen application can significantly improve the aerobic metabolism of microorganisms in the soil, while the traditional high-rate nitrogen application did not deal with optimization of the soil treated soil N MK/Q value is low, a high degree of anaerobic metabolism. Each layer of the MK/Q value of the changes are not large.By calculating the diversity index of soil samples obtained DQ, DQ different soil nitrogen treatments range of about between 13 to 16. Optimization of nitrogen application during 70% of the soil microorganisms are more types of content, and microbial content of different degree of difference is relatively small.Uniformity of soil samples by calculating the index EQ draw, without dealing with the soil microbial nitrogen uneven distribution, followed by the traditional high levels of soil nitrogen treatment, nitrogen application optimized for 70% of the more balanced distribution of soil microbes.
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