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Construction of service-oriented government requires a civil service which is smart and competent, has high quality, able to take a leading role and stand the test. Primary civil servants is the main body of the civil service, they are working in the frontline, most closely connected with the masses, and directly facing the people, so their service quality, service level directly linked to the construction level of service-oriented government, linked to the government’s prestige and image among the masses. At present, there is still a gap between the status of the primary civil servants and the requirements of service-oriented government, the reason is the imperfect and unsound incentive mechanism, which is the breakthrough point of the article. Starting from the current situation of the primary civil service incentive mechanism, the author used relevant theory of incentive mechanism, analyzed the reasons for the problem, finally, based on the successful experience of home and abroad incentive mechanism, proposed primary civil service incentives which adapted to the requirements of the service-oriented government. This article is divided into four parts:the first part is an introduction, describes the purpose and significance of this research, domestic and international research on civil service incentives, and the research methods and possible innovations; the second part defines the relevant concepts and elaborates the related theory; the third part separately from four aspects analysis the current incentive mechanism:wage system, appraisal system, promotion system and training system. Then from the limitations of the traditional theory of human nature hypothesis, the lag of the incentive ideas, the limited incentive resources, the insignificance of inner incentives, the weakness of negative incentives, the imperfect legal construction analyzed the reasons for the problem. The fourth part based on the construction of the service-oriented government background, put forward four choices to improve the primary civil servants incentive mechanism.
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