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Soil is the base of agricultural production, soil nutrients is the important label of soil fertility, and is deciding the crop output. Therefore, it is very important to study this issue, no matter for the theory or the reality value. This test reports the study on the status of soil nutrients, effects of rice fertilizer and Spatial variation characters of soil nutrients in Gingan by a technique that uses geographic information systems and balanced fertilization. The results were as follows:The N content is moderate in soil of Qingan, rich in P, S,Fe,Mn, B, lack of K and Zn.The level of fertilization in Qingan was appropriate. The amount of N,P was appropriate, The amount of K was low, The soil trace element B and Zn assumes the trend of escalation deficient. Survey suggests that the average content of alkali solution N is around 128.72 mg/kg in Qingan, the amplitude of alkali solution N is 38.00～271.07 mg/kg; The average content of available P is around 63.3 mg/L in Qingan, the amplitude of available P is 5.43～167.3 mg/L; The average content of available K is around 63.3 mg/L in Qingan, the amplitude of available K is 20.4～302.8 mg/L; The average content of effective S is around 46.89 mg/L in Qingan, the amplitude of effective S is 6.73～113.5 mg/L; The average content of effective Zn is around 2.09 mg/L in Qingan, the amplitude of effective Zn is 0.37～7.67 mg/L; The average content of effective B is around 6.15 mg/L in Qingan, the amplitude of effective B is 1.84～11.75 mg/L.From the the soil spatial distribution, the characteristic of level distribution of available N in Pingan town shows that the contents near northeast were higher than the Southwest; the contents of available P near east were higher than the west; the contents of available K and S near bottom center were higher than others; the contents of available Zn near upper were higher than others; the level distribution of available B were not pronounced. The characteristic of level distribution of available N in Minle town shows that the contents near South were higher than north; the contents of available P near east were higher than the west; the contents of available K near center were higher than others; he level distribution of available S and Bwere not pronounced; the contents of available Zn near center were higher than.Compared with CK, the grain yield of N treatment increase by 12.1%～34.3%, The average yield increasing was 23.0%, The N application rates of optimum yield was N 118 kg/hm2, the optimum yield was 8659 kg/hm2; The P application rates of optimum yield was P 93.35 kg/hm2, the optimum yield was 8696 kg/hm2; The K. application rates of optimum yield was K.74.2 kg/ hm2, the optimum yield was 8753 kg/hm2; balanced fertilization play a remarkable positive role in yield and benefit of rice. Compared with OTP, OTP-N treatment decreased by 27.9%; OTP-P treatment decreased by 15.1%; OTP-K treatment decreased by 11.2%; CK treatment decreased by 31.4%; FP treatment decreased by 8.6%. The utilization of the N fertilizer of OTP treatment was 33.4%; The utilization of the P fertilizer of OTP treatment was 22.2%; The utilization of the K fertilizer of OTP treatment was 40.2%.The experiments Generally reflects the soil nutrient condition and the effect of balanced fertilization in Qingan. Therefore, N fertilizer is the first element of heavier rice, P and K is second, Zn is third.In conclusion, The N content is moderate in soil of Qingan, rich in P, S,Fe,Mn, B, lack of K and Zn.The level of fertilization in Qingan was appropriate. The amount of N,P was appropriate, The amount of K was low, The soil trace element B and Zn assumes the trend of escalation deficient. soil spatial distribution of Pingan and Minle town were not pronounced with the influence of landform, parent material and common practice. The N application rates of optimum yield was N 118 kg/hm2; The P application rates of optimum yield was P 93.35 kg/hm2; The K application rates of optimum yield was K 74.2 kg/hm2. The growth indicators and yield of OPT treatment was best, balanced fertilization be used to improve growth and yield of rice.
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