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The Western Han Dynasty of Foreign Trade

Author: WangYinRong
Tutor: LiYunQuan
School: Shandong Normal University
Course: Specialized History
Keywords: Xi-Han dynasty the thought on the foreign trade the form of the foreign trade the government office of the foreign trade
CLC: F752.9
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2009
Downloads: 134
Quote: 0
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Abstract

The archaic foreign trade of our country began from Xi-Han period. From then on, a new age of foreign trade came, and since then a new situation of the archaic foreign trade of our country appeared. The transformation of thought on foreign trade before Han dynasty、the form of foreign trade in Han dynasty and its offices will be mostly studied in the thesis.The transformation of thought on foreign trade was mostly described at the beginning of the thesis, and the thesis was begun based on the transformation of thought on foreign trade. The thought of the archaic foreign trade of our country was begun long long ago. Especially in the Chun-qiu and Zhan-guo period, all sorts of economic thoughts were appeared. Let a hundred schools of thought strive. The important thoughts came into being, such as Confucius and his thoughts, especially the theory of economy. He said that to value justice above material gains was very important, and the influence of this idea was kept two thousand years, and its influence is still kept today. The germ of the thought on foreign trade had already been gestated before the Qin-dynasty. The thought of the foreign trade in Han-dynasty was based on it, so the thought on foreign trade during Han-dynasty was born out of economic thought before it. With the development of the foreign trade, the thought of foreign trade was very boom in the Han-dynasty. The most important part the Han-empire played lied in the thought on foreign trade, so I shall write a lot on this subject. The emperor Qin completed the time of war, but it was a short dynasty, it almost did nothing on the foreign trade. From the beginning of the emperor Han, it took many economic measures to develop the economy. With the social economy was developed quickly, the foreign trade began to appear, and the Chinese began to go abroad. All the above had something to do with the economy of Han dynasty. In another word, the development of economy of Han dynasty must speed up the foreign trade.The form and the office concerned were very simple because of its initialization. Foreign trade in Han-dynasty mostly recurred to land way, such as the Silk Road in the north-western china and the road on the wild grassland in the north (it was always controlled by the Hun in the beginning). Seaway was appurtenant. So I will mostly choose the form of the land way to study. Of course the seaway had been appeared, but it was most importantly limited in the south china. There was no special government office to manage the foreign trade in Han dynasty. The foreign trade was mostly controlled by the political office concerned. It was mostly decided by the function of the foreign trade at that time. During the development of the archaic foreign trade of our country, the thought of stressing agriculture and restraining trade had already come into being. In the Han-dynasty, the thought of stressing agriculture and restraining trade had been further developed, and the situation of the thought of stressing agriculture and restraining trade attached to the political had already come into being. The thought had much influence to the archaic foreign trade of our country. There was much discrimination to the merchants in the ancient, so the trade in the ancient was hold back in some way. The foreign trade was always not seen important in the ancient. So the Policy of cutting off our country from the outside world and Maritime Embargo Policy were strengthened in Ming-dynasty and Qing-dynasty. The thought of stressing agriculture and restraining trade was always seen important by the ruling class in the ancient. The foreign trade was always held back in the ancient. But during the Han-dynasty, the foreign trade was much developed, though the archaic foreign trade of our country was only begun. In this way, studying the archaic foreign trade of the Han-dynasty is very important. Because studying the archaic foreign trade of Han-dynasty can recognize the archaic foreign trade wholly. It can also help us to realize the policy of Han-dynasty. The foreign trade was very important during the Han-dynasty. It also had much influence to the dynasty afterward. For example, Zhang-qian excavated the Silk Road in the north-west. Since then, china began to trade with many countries in the western Asia and Mid-Asia. A lot of silk was advected to Mid-Asia and Western Asia, and the Chinese silk was delivered to Rome .In Rome and many other European countries the Chinese silk was seen as treasure, and the Chinese culture was communicated in many European countries. Because of prolificacy, the Chinese could not make the large ship. So the overseas trade could not develop quickly. In the Han-dynasty a lot of silk was delivered to the Korea in the north and a lot of silk was delivered to Indian. The oversea trade was controlled by the government. In the Han-dynasty, many foreigners came to china. They came to china mainly on the Silk Road in the North West. They carried a lot of speciality from their countries. These goods were mostly used by the ruling class in the Han dynasty. The foreign merchant developed the trade between china and the foreign countries. Many Chinese also carried a lot of silk to the foreign countries. Of course the Chinese merchant mostly went to the Mid Asia and the western Asia. At that time there was no Chinese merchant went to the European countries. At that time the Chinese merchants were very brave, because there were many difficulties on the Silk Road. Such as the minority obstructed on the road and the food was often lack. For anther example, delivery was very difficult on the road at that time. They often acted as the emissaries of the emperor Han. The rulers of china at that time let them deliver the command of the emperor Han. During that time the foreign merchants who came to china were also controlled by the rulers of emperor Han. This special trade was called tributary system by the history filed. So the foreign trade in the Han-dynasty was mostly controlled by the political office concerned.In a word, the though of the foreign trade in Han dynasty could not compare with its afterworld, but its theory and practice of the foreign trade became the pioneer of archaic foreign trade of our country.

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