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Study on the Controlled Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Activity

Author: WuYong
Tutor: YangHanMin
School: Central South University for Nationalities
Course: Organic Chemistry
Keywords: Nanoparticles of Au The catalytic CTAB PVP 4-Nitroaniline
CLC: TB383.1
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2011
Downloads: 94
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Abstract


Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with a controlled shape has become the focus of research interest for decades in the materials chemistry field driven probably by the need to harvest many unique properties arising from such nanostructures. Among various systems, metal nanoparticles have received great interest primarily due to their unique properties and applications in photonics, electronics, and information storage. They also act as excellent catalysts in organic reactions due to their quantum effects and extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. However, most of the studies in the nanocatalysis field involve using spherical nanoparticles or nanoparticles of undetermined shapes. There are very few studies in which catalysis is conducted with nanoparticles of specific shape. Significantly, one can tailor the properties of nanostructures and thus improve their performance in many applications by controlling their size, shape, and composition. As one of the most studied noble nanoparticles, Au has attracted much attention due to its intrinsic properties which have been strongly dependent on their size and morphologies. Recently, some efforts have focused on gaining more Au morphology just by varying the molar ratios of the reactants. However, these approaches are found to be expended time and environmentally unsustainable.In this paper, microwave irradiation was employed to synthesize triangular, nanopate, and icosahedron Au nanoparticles by solvent-reduction of hydrogen tetrachloro aurate with Tetraethylene glycol as a solvent in the presence of a little amount of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The as-prepared Au nanopartcles were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry.The final shape of Au nanoparticle merely depends on the concentration ratio of CTAB and PVP. The novelty method is quick, convenience and environmentally benign. The facile approach may be extended to synthesis of other metal nanoparticles of different size.The shape effects of the Au NPs on the catalysis reaction of aromatic nitro compounds were also demonstrated. We compare the value of activation energy and other kinetic parameters of the electron-transfer reaction between 4-Nitroaniline and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In solution contain dominantly plates, icosahedron, and triangle Au nanoparticles as catalysts during the reaction. The catalytic rate was found to be fastest in the presence of Au icosahedron, medium with triangle, and the slowest with the plates. The present process is straightforward, simple, reproducible, and cost-effective.

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