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Auricularia auricula is a kind of edible and medicinal mushroom,and it has higher nutritional value and medicinal value.Therefore A.auricula is being payed the enormous interest and the attention by scientists of the beautiful food,the health care,the medical area because of its significant health protection functions.At present,the market price is high;therefore,the promoted cultivation A auricula has the high economic value. However,because of mushroom farmer understanding insufficient to its cultivation techniques and A auricula quite strict request to environmental conditions,therefore,defects of low biological efficiency and output has had existed.In this experiment,according to the existed problems in the cultivation,on the basis of the resources and the climate characteristic of the Jilin Province eastern area,studies on the cultivation techniques, the law of utilization nutritional components,the changes of extracellular enzyme’s activity,the survey of fungal contamination and metal content.This study aims to provide the basis for cultivation and popularization in Jilin province.The results showed as follows:(1) The key techniques for A.auricula using substitute were research.The results showed that the optimal compost capacity of medium was 800g using plastic bags of Polypropylene(17cm×33cm),the compost capacity more or less,the biological efficiency could be down;the optimal time of cultivation was from late April to early May at 13℃,the contaminate rate was lower and the production was higher;Culturing mycelium grew strongly when temperature was 26℃-28℃at early days,23℃at medium term and 20℃at later days,in this condition,its disease resistance and production were enhanced.The optimal water condition was intermittent water supply,3 times every day,30 minutes every time,partition 10-20 minutes,dry-wet alternation;the optimal light condition was full light.(2) The law of utilization nutritional components and the changes of extracellular enzyme’s activity were studied on the process of cultivation.The results showed that A.aurucula degraded non-lignocellulose and lignin as major nutrient source at the stage of mycelium development and mainly cellulose and the hemicellulose at the stage of fruitbodies formation.The rate of decomposition in fruitbodies formation stage was higher than that in mycelium growth stage.The activities of extracellular enzymes had some differences; however the overall tendancy of changing was alike.Along with the growth of the A.aurucula,the activity of CMCase,FPase and HCase increased gradually.They reached the peak when the the fruitbodies became mature and the lowest point after harvest.Activity of lignin enzyme and amylase decreased at the mycelium growth stage.Proteinase activity did not change significantly at the mycelium growth stage,but in the fruitbodies formation period,its increased.(3) On the process of cultivation,the substrate fungal contamination was researched.The contaminative fungi were isolated respectively in the polluted cultivation substrate of A.aurucula.The results of identification showed that in the substrate cultivation of A.auricula,the contaminative fungi were Trichoderma spp.,Neurospora spp.,Penicillium spp.,Aspergillus spp.,Alternaria spp.,Mucor spp.as well as some unidentified fungi,the predominant contaminative fungi were Trichoderma spp.,Neurospora spp., Penicillium spp.and Aspergillus spp.,their isolation frequencies were 71.68%,12.51%,5.45%and 2.97% respectively.(4) Eight kinds of metal elements content were determined from fruitbodies of A.auricula.The results showed that the overall situation of eight kinds of mineral element content was Ca＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cd＞Hg.Only major element Fe surpassed limited standard of national food(vegetables) the health,other 6 kinds of heavy metals didn’t exceed the limited standard,so it was safe to edible.
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