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Transportation is the basic industry of the national economic development, support the harmonious development of economy and society, but the negative impact of frequent accidents, noise and air pollution, climate change also threatens the safety of people's lives, causing huge economic losses. generate external costs. The presence of the external costs, making transportation resources available to the community can not be completely effective, restricting China's economic development. Therefore, the external costs of transport system computing theory and methods, reasonable monetization assess transport external influences, for the efficient use of resources to improve transportation, environmentally friendly transport structure, 'to promote the sustainable development of transportation and economic, environmental significance. This paper uses the theories and methods of environmental science, economics, gray system theory and other disciplines, expand the study of the theory and method of calculation of the external costs of the transport system, mainly for the following work: (1) According to the general theory of externalities and transportation The characteristics of the development of the system, clear the paper mainly studies the external costs of four parts, including traffic accidents, noise pollution, air pollution and climate change. (2) for the main influencing factors of external costs in different manifestations of the five modes of transport and hazards, the study pointed out the various parts of the evaluation of the external costs. Social and personal effects in accordance with the evaluation index, analyze select a reasonable and appropriate external costs monetization method to establish a theoretical foundation for the calculation of the external costs of transport system. (3) based on external costs theory, based on the existing statistics, pointing out that the method of calculation of the external costs of the transportation system. This paper argues that the accident external costs should an accident occur, causing direct economic losses, loss of casualties, and social service agencies loss;, creatively and calculate the health of the Chinese residents affected by pollution in the study of air pollution external costs effect the fixed terminal bottom line incremental, combined with the cost of illness, and to pay willingness method and other methods to build a methodology to measure the external costs of air pollution in the community as a whole. Noise pollution and climate change costs were used the results to learn the law and avoid the cost method. (4) Select the external cost calculation methodology for the calculation of the Year, in 2005 established the application papers, calculate the practical value transportation system in 2005, the total external costs and average external cost.
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