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Background blindness and low vision is a serious global public health problem. The 1980s were in many regions the prevalence of blindness and low vision survey. Nearly 20 years, all over the country and actively carry out prevention of blindness in a significant reduction in the number of blind people, but China's population age structure and socio-economic status also changed a lot. In order to make effective prevention of blindness, it is necessary to understand China's blind, and several major blinding eye condition. To this end, the Ministry of Health conducted a joint WHO in our national eye epidemiological investigation. Qufu City, Shandong Province as one of the country's 10 survey sites for people over 50 years of age and eye disease epidemiology. Objective The purpose of this investigation is to: investigate Qufu City, Shandong Province, the population aged 50 and older with low vision blindness prevalence survey of blindness and low vision patients distribution characteristics in order to determine the focus of prevention of blindness control object: survey of blindness and low vision and constitute the main cause of the disease, the proportion of blindness, to determine the focus of prevention of blindness prevention and treatment of diseases, and with the survey results are compared with other regions, in order to evaluate the city's defense over the years blind blindness effect of the work. Methods in September 2006, identified survey sites as Qufu, household management through local institutions to obtain demographic Qufu basic information, as well as the composition of the population over the age of 50 cases. According to the small village merger, split Omura principle, Qufu all administrative villages and residents' committees are classified as 1000-1500 or so basic sampling unit, called a cluster, and then using cluster random sampling method in 588 cluster in the survey sample of 28 points. The survey should check the number of 5549 people, attributed to the 3599 family: check number 5047 real people, subjects was 90.95%. In 5047 people, male 2245, female 2802 people. In accordance with the 2003 World Health Organization standard visual impairment, the daily life of the better eye visual acuity <20/63, ≥ 20/400, known as low vision; daily life will be better eye visual acuity <20/400, it is called Blind. Meanwhile visual impairment in accordance with the 1972 WHO standards, best corrected visual acuity in the better eye <0.3, ≥ 0.05, known as low vision; would best corrected visual acuity in the better eye <0.05, known as the blind, and the two analysis of a standard for comparison. March to May 2007 for people aged 50 and above had vision and eye examinations. Official site survey conducted prior to pre-test and pre-test before the test, carried out during the pre-trial investigation teams consistency between the two tests, consistency test results reach the intended target before a formal investigation, pre-trial and pre-trial before trial data excluded from the final addition to the information included. Topics covered include visual acuity, retinoscopy, anterior segment examination, fundus examination, if necessary, measurement of intraocular pressure. Examiner also asks whether the person being checked cataract surgery, and eventually made to determine the cause of visual impairment. Investigation process, the people surveyed again when accumulated 1500,3000,4500 repetitive inspection to ensure the quality of investigations. Results According to 2003 WHO standard visual impairment in 5047 cases of subjects, the blind 54 cases, the prevalence was 1.07%; low vision 375 cases, the prevalence was 7.4%. Whether single or bilateral blindness blindness are increased with age (monocular blindness x ~ 2 = 52.090, P <0.01; bilateral blindness x ~ 2 = 152.645, P <0.01); low vision also increases with age increase (monocular low vision x ~ 2 = 195.950, P <0.01; bilateral low vision x ~ 2 = 522.366, P <0.01). The prevalence of blindness women (0.8%) than men (0.3%), women / men 's doubles blindness prevalence relative risk 2.550, 95% confidence interval 1.363 ~ 4.770, the difference was statistically significant . The prevalence of low vision women (5.1%) than men the prevalence of low vision (2.3%), female / male prevalence of low vision relative risk was 1.796, 95% confidence interval is 1.435 ~ 2.250, the difference was statistically significant. In the elderly and women, the prevalence of blindness increased. Visual acuity less than 20/400, 332 in the eyes, the top three causes of blindness were cataract 157 eyes (47.3%), corneal opacity / scar 30 eyes (9.0%), eye deletion / shrink 25 eyes (7.5 %). Visual acuity ≥ 20/400, <20/200 of 87 eyes, arranged in the top three causes of visual impairment were cataract eye 28 eyes (32.2%), amblyopia nine eyes (10.3%), high myopia, macular degeneration 9 eyes (10.3%). Visual acuity ≥ 20/200, <20/63 of the 962 eyes, arranged in the top three causes of visual impairment were cataract eye 482 eyes (50.1%), refractive error 221 eyes (23.0%), age-related macular degeneration 52 eyes (5.4%). Cataract is still the main causes of blindness. Rural and urban differences in the prevalence of blindness was not statistically significant (x ~ 2 = 3.555, P> 0.05): The prevalence of low vision in rural areas than in urban (x ~ 2 = 5.039, P <0.01). Visual impairment in accordance with the 1972 WHO criteria, subjects in the 5047 cases, the blind 46 cases, the prevalence was 0.9%; low vision 66 cases, the prevalence was 1.3%. Whether single or bilateral blindness blindness are increased with age (monocular blindness x ~ 2 = 54.624, P <0.01; bilateral blindness x ~ 2 = 186.087, P <0.01); low vision also increases with age increase (monocular low vision x ~ 2 = 242.147, P <0.01; bilateral low vision x ~ 2 = 178.270, P <0.01). The prevalence of blindness women (0.7%) than men (0.2%), women / men 's doubles blindness prevalence relative risk 1.805, 95% confidence interval was 0.555 ~ 5.870, the difference was statistically significant . The prevalence of low vision women (0.9%) than men the prevalence of low vision (0.4%), female / male prevalence of low vision is a relative risk 1.999, 95% confidence interval is 1.170 ~ 3.415, the difference was statistically significant. In the elderly and women, the prevalence of blindness increased. In accordance with the 1972 WHO standard visual impairment, visual acuity less than 20/400, 297 in the eyes, the top three causes of blindness were cataract 147 eyes (49.5%), corneal opacity / scar 29 eyes (9.8%), eye Deletion / shrink 25 eyes (8.4%). Visual acuity ≥ 20/400, <20/200 in the top three of the eye were cataract 21 eyes (43.8%), amblyopia 5 eyes (10.4%), corneal opacity / scar 5 eyes (10.4%). Visual acuity ≥ 20/200, <20/63 before two of the eye were cataract 131 eyes (41.7%), amblyopia 26 eyes (8.3%), macular degeneration (senile), macular degeneration (myopia), Other retina / choroid changes were 25 eyes (8.0%). Conclusions 1. Qufu City population aged 50 and above 1.07% prevalence of blindness; low vision prevalence of 7.4%. Blindness and low vision are increased with age. Women prevalence of blindness and low vision were higher than males. 2 Qufu population aged 50 and over the top three causes of blindness were cataract (47.3%), corneal opacity / scar (9.0%), ocular atrophy (7.5%). 3 Qufu vision in people over 50 years of age and greater than or equal to 20/400 is less than 20/200 in the top three of the eye were cataract (32.2%), amblyopia (10.3%), high myopia, macular degeneration (10.3%). 4 Qufu vision in people over 50 years of age and greater than or equal to 20/200 and less than 20/63, the top three of the eye were cataract (50.1%), refractive errors (23.0%), age-related macular degeneration (5.4%) . 5 Age-related cataract is still blindness in people over the age of 50 and the main reason.
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