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On the Research of Personal Identity-Theory, Criterion and Difficult

Author: WangKaiCheng
Tutor: YuanJianXin
School: Xiangtan University
Course: Of Scientific Philosophy
Keywords: the personal identity’s demonstration the personal identity’s criterion the resolve of the difficult about personal identity
CLC: B848
Type: Master's thesis
Year: 2008
Downloads: 206
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Abstract

In philosophical scope, Descartes, who was the first scholars to pose the question of self-identity, began with a proposition that“thinking is being”and concluded that“thinking”is the nature of ego; Locke opposed the idea of ego as the spiritual entity and raised a classical definition about personality from empirical standpoint. In his view,“person”is a“thinking intelligent being with reason and reflection that can consider itself as itself, the same thinking being, in different times and places”. It showed that while he was answering this question, he had to resort to self-conscious conception of Descartes; Kant demonstrated the problem about personal identity by the principle of“apriority apperception”and established the theory on self-identity, which was based on ego of apriority, however,“apriority apperception”can’t explain how to keep the same man on every other day, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, elaborated on self-identity from unreason angel and advocated that one can experience personal identity from the will of action and self-assumption, but the experience or consciousness can’t replace strict and logical demonstration; Hume and James put forward personal-fiction-ism and personal-warm-ism respectively.The western philosophical scholars started with the definition of personality and educed the criterions of distinguishing personal identity from the physical and psychological face: the bodily criterion thinks that the identity of body if identical to personal identity; the brain criterion believes that personal identity consists of a brain or a part of a brain; the memory criterion distinguishes personal identity by memorial continuity; however the psychological continuity criterion considers that personal identity ought to be made up of the content of philosophical continuity such as belief, intention, purpose, desire besides memory together. We call the opinion of personality as a pure spiritual being or a pure ego as the simple view. However, while simple opinions are explaining smoothly some phenomena of personality, it can be easily questioned by other problems such as the reduplication arguments and multiple occupancy thesis.Beginning with the idea of personal identity, we can meet with many un-explainable difficult such as problems of fission-brain and half-brain. The phenomenon of spirit-away people, the dual personality and many-personality and the duplicated problem in scientific hypotheses and so on. It points out the different between the‘identity’and the‘unique’of people. The‘body’and the‘circumstance’ that material and spirit are unified. In a wide-ranging sense, the same body can possess different personality in different time. The same personality can also stick to different body in different time. There is only successive personal identity, but not the personal identity at the same time and in different space.The man’s identity and speciality comes from his naturality, and the difficult of it comes from the interference of the technology. If we want to resolve the difficult completely, we must prevent the technology’s infiltration.

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