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Aquilaria sinensis genus Thymelaeaceae aloes, is our unique precious medicinal and aromatic plants, domestic aloes only resources plants, is now threatened with extinction, is loaded Protection in China Plant Red Data Book. However, the total genetic resources and the level of genetic diversity is almost blank. In this study, systematic investigation of the distribution of white woody natural populations, collected 112 samples of natural and protected areas in Hainan island and coastal areas of Guangdong ranks the group count 11 groups, and select white woody relatives genus the the axillary Stellera reference external standard use of ISSR and SRAP marker system to detect the of Aquilaria sinensis natural groups genetic polymorphism, with NTSYS-pc, POPGENE32, and Mega2 software, for the first time genetic classification of the to reveal the Aquilaria sinensis natural resources from the molecular level relationship, the level of genetic diversity of the natural populations of their kinship, basically clear the genetic evolution of the relationship between the natural populations of Aquilaria sinensis and its endangerment reason to discussion and proposed protection strategy. The main results obtained by the Institute as follows: (1) by a large number of ISSR (95 pairs) of SRAP (288 pairs) primer screening and optimization of reaction conditions, respectively, 20 preferred amplification primers and reaction conditions, and for the first time Gilg suitable ISSR and SRAP amplification system, and provide a method for the related theoretical studies. (2) sites gene amplification by comparative analysis of ISSR and SRAP, 818 per primer 20.45, which polymorphic loci 567, reached 69.32%. The rich polymorphic genetic classification of relations between elucidate the Aquilaria sinensis different populations is basically consistent with the geographic distribution relationship, but there is some crossover phenomenon, certainly the Jianfengling the - Hair flu flora, Bawangling - South authenticity of the the five flora existence Yan Bay Area series, Wuzhishan - of Limu Ridge flora, the Diaoluoshan flora and Guangdong area based. And by a two-dimensional vector analysis revealed that the populations of Aquilaria sinensis Hainan geographic groups, group of Guangdong geographic and Hainan Diaoluoshan transitional geographic type. (3) are grouped by geographic populations and statistical genetic parameters to clarify major geographic populations within the overall level of genetic diversity. Seven geographic groups is a relatively high level of genetic diversity to internal Jianfengling, Bawangling and the Guangdong group diversity index I reached 0.2954,0.2859,0.2938 the remaining lower; comprehensive estimate of the total heterozygosity (h ) to 0.2397, genetic diversity index (I) 0.3582, which, in theory, the relatively low level of genetic diversity in existing Gilg genetic groups, are endangered or endangered status, the need to take reasonable measures to protect. (4) integration ISSR and SRAP polymorphism between the the white woody seven populations genetic differentiation and genetic drift level, 21.47% of the variance in the presence of the total genetic variation among populations ( G ST = 0.2147), there is a moderate degree of genetic differentiation among populations, gene flow among populations (Nm = 1.8292) smaller. The relationship between their populations: Aquilaria sinensis groups are first divided into two broad categories: the Jianfengling Popl-JIANFENG and hair sense Pop2-MAOGAN2, a sub-cluster of the first category; including the second largest category of hanging Luo the Mountain Pop6-DIAOLUOSHAN and Guangdong Type Pop7-GUANGDONG subsets, the Bawangling Pop4-BAWANG and the Wuzhishan Pop5-WUZHISHAN subsets, as well as three, Pop3-NANYANWAN, Nanyan Bay subpopulation. (5) the evolutionary relationship between the various populations of Aquilaria sinensis, the natural populations Gilg 11, Hainan the Diaoluoshan part populations, the Wuzhishan populations and natural populations Limushan closer evolutionary tree roots, more primitive group; followed all the materials from Guangdong, Hainan the Diaoluoshan groups, Lingshui Nanyan Bay and Bawangling natural populations, and of Jianfengling, and of Baoting County Mao sense Township natural populations should be most young groups. Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan and Guangdong, groups of its high level of genetic diversity can be protected as our Gilg genetic diversity hotspot. Article based on this study reveal white woody resources levels of genetic diversity and its distribution, natural populations are endangered reasons, might be taken to protect and use strategies are discussed. However, the relationship between the molecular level of genetic diversity and its economic traits not yet involved need further interpretation, in order to promote the utilization and industrialization of Gilg physiological, biochemical and genomic level.
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