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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr), which originated from China, is an indispensable protein source in theChinese diet and one of the most important animal feeds in the world. However, low phosphorusavailability in the soil is a major constraint to soybean production. Therefore, selection and breeding ofphosphorus efficient soybean varieties will provide an economical and environmentally sound solution tothe problem of low phosphorus availabilityA total of 414 soybean accessions from different origin were evaluated for their agronomic traits in bothhigh P and Low P fertilizer levels. The purpose was to screen indicator of P efficiency and identify theaccession for high P efficient breeding in soybean. The result indicated that yield, 100-seed weight, plantheight, branching of plant, stem wide, No. of pods per plant were significantly different at the 1% underthe different rates of phosphorus application. soil were used to compare changes regulation in mainagronomic trait by variance analysis. It is aim to evaluate for P utilization efficiency and screen relativeselection index and provide materials and method for P efficiency breeding parents combination andoffspring choices. There were significantly different between two treatments for yield, seeds weight, plantheight, branching number, pods per plant and stem diameter, but no difference for both height of bottompodding and nodes on main stem. Correlation analysis of characters relative index showed that sensitivityto phosphorus application of grain yield was related high positively to pods per plant, medium positively toboth branching number and stem diameter. Three main components could explain 72.3% of the totalvariation related to P efficiency. We recommends to screening phosphorus efficiency by yield, pods perplant, branching number, 100-seed weight, plant height and diameter of main stem. The accessions wereclassified into 6 types of low efficiency, mediate efficiency and high efficiency for both low and high Pfertilizer based on relative yield, and 3 types of insensitive mediate sensitive and high sensitive based onthe cluster analyses.The distribute of high P efficiency was 23.2%, 26.0%, 26.5%in North spring, Huanghuai and Southsoybean. It was not distinct in different region. Based on their absolute yielding abilities and P-utilizationefficiency, the accessions tested were classified into 9 types. i.e., high yield and high P-utilizationefficiency, High yield and moderate P-utilization efficiency, high yield low P-utilization efficiency,moderate yield and high P-utilization efficiency, moderate yield and moderate P-utiliza-tion efficiency,moderate yield and low P-utilization efficiency, low yield and high P-utilization efficiency, and low yieldand moderate P-utilization efficiency, low yield and low P-utilization efficiency, accounting for 4.08%,9..95%, 3.83%, 4.34%, 13.78%, 5.36%, 16.07%, 25.77% ,14.03%. The analysis on the stability of Pefficiency showed that only 44.2% of accessions showed stable P efficiency in two years. For getting Pefficient accession more quickly and more exactly, it was necessary to characterize the genotype s forseveral years and to use biology yield related to P efficiency trait s as secondary selection criterion.The broad sense heritability of P efficiency is high when it was analyzed in the populationcomposed of accession.
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