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City subway as a modern means of transport , is an important symbol of the modern city and window to the major cities of the world and China's major cities are actively planning and preparation of the city subway . Shield method compared with traditional subway tunnel construction methods has less ground operations , the impact on the surrounding environment , a high degree of automation , construction speed , along with long-distance , large-diameter , great depth , complex section shield construction technology development , mature , the shield construction methods more and more attention and favor , and gradually become the main subway tunnel construction method . Operating years of the subway tunnel , across different geomorphic units and dynamic load , differential settlement threat to subway train driving safety . In this paper, the construction safety and operational requirements of the subway tunnel , combined with modern engineering survey of new technologies , explore theory and methods the shield tunnel measurements and Metro deformation monitoring , allocation characteristics of a the Shield Law subway tunnel through error , rangefinder shaft elevation passed with the error formula derived the the free Station Total Station 3D deformation measurement law and conforms wire method error equations , solve subway tunnel uneven settlement of the initial ideas .
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