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Tobacco is an important economic crop in China. As one of the main tobacco-planted regions, Chongqing holds the tobacco-planting area of 47,000 hm~2. Tobacco industry is not only important for improving the farmer’s economy, and also the primary resource of finance and revenue in tobacco-planted regions in hilly areas. Currently, the lower quality tobacco and as a consequence being weak competition in international market, is the most severe issue in tobacco production. As a crop which should be paid equal attention to yield and quality, the quality of tobacco greatly varies with the conditions of soil, breed, planting technique, climate and cooling technology. With increasing economy worldwide and the formation of dominant buyer’s market for tobacco, more chances could be provided, and meanwhile the drastic challenges will be also met. It is quite important for us to respond to the new market internationalization and to enhance the capacity of competition. Concerning the status of rural economics, it may be assumed that tobacco economy is prerequisite for further development of regional economy for a quite long period. The sustainable development of tobacco production will lay the base for the sustainable economy development in Chongqing.The natural, socio-economic conditions and land use were characterized systematically in this article. In addition, the indexes system was established in regard to the problem and causes of tobacco planting. Main component analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the tobacco planting in Chongqing city from 1999 to 2004. Finally, the strategies for the sustainable development of tobacco production were put forward. The results were as follows:(1) The analysis of natural, socio-economic and technology of tobacco planting was carried out and it was considered that the main restricted factors of tobacco planting were the lagged basic establishments, unreasonable distribution, unscientific planting-system, the lower technology-level, shorter literacy and comparative benefit.(2) By using converse restrictive factor modification and main principles of crop growth and energy conversion, as well as eco-natural factors including sunlight, temperature, water, soil and agricultural factors such as fertilization and cultivation, the author calculated the potential productivity of land, being theoretically 5.2822 ×10~3 kg/hm~2. However, the present average productivity is only 1.566×10~3 kg/hm~2, being 29.64% of the theoretical value, indicating the potential productivity is considerable.(3) Based on the tobacco quality, natural, social and economic conditions of Chongqing and the available results, 18 indexes were put forward by using systems analysis. A sustainable assessment system was established using three principals, i.e. tobacco quality, economic viabilityand technology level. Moreover, main component analysis was done to make a comprehensive evaluation of the tobacco planting. A unitary assessment of the tobacco planting was made using three principals as indexes, and the sustainable index from 1999 to 2004 was-2.59^2.05^1.99, 0.21 > 1.10^ 1.22, respectively. It was showed that the sustainable level of tobacco planting in Chongqing has being increased on the whole.(4) The strategies of sustainable development in Chongqing were put forward in the article.
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