|
The tests of nutrient diagnosis and formula fertilization had been carried out in the base of Almond-apricot in the Loess Hilly Area of West Henan Province.The flower abortion rate, fruit setting rate, fruit bear percentage, fruit-retention rate and yield were investigated, and the growth-development law of Almond-apricot’s leaves and fruit were dynamic follow-up investigated, and the correlation of fruit-retention rate and yield with the content of leaves’total nitrogen, P and K were analysed. The results are as follows:1. The average flower abortion rate was 3.98%, it is 15 and 10 percent point lower than the year of 2006 and 2007’s.The average fruit setting rate and fruit bear percentage were 46.29% and 20.16% respectively, they were nearly 20 and 10 percent point higher than 2006’s respectively.2. In order to investigate the growth-development law of Almond-apricot in the Loess Hilly Area of West Henan Province as a reference for Almond-apricot’s cultivation, taking"Chaoren"as the research object, dynamic growth of Almond-apricot’s leaves and fruit were researched, and growth curve were fitted. The results indicated that the length and width of leaf both have two growth peak who appeared simultaneously in the April 7 and April 23 respectively, and their growth curve were Ylength=1.219936+0.355524t+0.009224t2-0.000657t3, R2=0.996; Ywidth= 0.645753+ 0.3394784t+0.002657t2-0.000376t3, R2=0.9958. The leaf area have four growth peak, which appeared respectively in the April 7, April 17, April 23 and April 27, and the growth duration of leaf was forty-seven days, its growth curve was Yarea=0.651282-0.58078t+0.220554t2-0.005732t3,R2=0.9832.The growth and development of the vertical and horizontal diameters. of fruit can be divided into two periods, the fast growth period of fruit who last one month, the slow growth period of fruit who last two month, and their growth curve were Yv=0.505135+0.770411t-0.07188t2 +0.002195t3, R2=0.9948,Yh= 0.78861+0.633315t-0.049635t2+0.001346t3, R2=0.9931.3. Two orthogonal tests of formula fertilization was carried out. The results indicated that P and K significantly increased the fruit-retention rate (P<0.01), but N had no significant effect on it (P>0.05); the effects of various factors on the fruit-retention rate were in the following order:P>K>N,and the best formula of fruit-protecting fertilizer was N1P2K3.The different fertilizer level of N, P and K had significant influence on the yield of fresh fruit per plant (P＜0.01), the effects of various factors on the yield were in the following order:N>P>K, and the best formula of fruit-protecting fertilizer was N3P3K2.N had significant influence on the fruit character of fruit weight. Etc (P<0.01), but P and K only had significant effect on some of them (P>0.05).Regarding the yield of fresh fruit, stem nuclear and kernel as index, the best combination of high yield fertilizer was N3P3K2.4. The contents of 10 mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe,Mn and B) in leaves were analysed, and variation patterns of these elements in growing season and the correlation between them were investigated. The results are as follows:the content of N, P, Cu and Zn was decreased with the increasing of leaf age, but the reverse is true of Mg, Ca and Fe; K and B was alternating lifting, and Mn firstly decreases and then increases. The peak of the contents of 10 mineral elements was differrent.The results of correlation analysis indicaed that there was a very significant positive correlation between N and P, Cu, Zn, P and Cu, Cu and Zn, Fe and Mn, Ca respectively, and a significant positive correlation between P and Zn, Mn and Ca, Mg and Ca, and a very significant negative correlation between Mg and N,Zn,Cu, B and Fe respectively, and a significant negative correlation between Mg and P, B and Ca, Mn respectively.5. The results of nutrient diagnosis indicated that:the mineral element K is the most lack,and next come Zn; N,P,Mn,Ca and Cu satisfy the basic needs,and Fe,Mg and B excess.The fertilizer order is K>Zn>P>Ca>Mn>N>Cu.6. The fruit retention fertilizer can improve the content of total nitrogen and P in leaves significantly, but the reverse is true of total K; high yield fertilizer can improve the content of total nitrogen significantly, but the reverse is true of total K,and has little effect on total P.7. There is no significant correlation between fruit-retention rate and total nitrogen, P and K,and a significant positive correlation between total nitrogen and the yield of fresh fruit, stem nuclear and kernel respectively. There is a very significant positive correlation between fresh fruit yield and stem nuclear yield and stem kernel yield respectively, and a very significant and significant positive correlation between single pit weight and fruit weight and single kernel weight respectively, and a very significant negative correlation between nuclear percent and fruit weight respectively, and a very significant and significant negative correlation between kernel percent and fruit weight and single pit weight respectively.
|