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Chestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) Is one of the species of high economic value, is also an important feature of economic forest dried fruit. Chinese chestnut color, high sugar content, sweet flavor, succulent fine waxy welcomed by domestic and foreign merchants. This test mainly want to study chestnut pollen straight sense phenomenon on fruit quality impact, increase plant fertilization process understanding and use of xenia phenomenon in the production of the performance of the excellent economic traits such as, for example, through the chestnut pollen straight sense of the phenomenon to change the chestnut fruit of size and shape as well as sugar and starch content, thus improving the quality of chestnut, increase chestnut consumption and processing of value, such as its waxy and taste better; chestnut production also has important practical significance in the production provide a theoretical basis for the rational allocation pollinated species, improve the quality and economic benefits. Chestnut in China's distribution range is very wide, customarily divided into southern of Chestnut and northern chestnut. Four chestnut varieties were selected as test materials, including two southern varieties of chestnut cloud chestnut on the 15th \South chestnut varieties and two northern varieties of chestnut with each other as parents, self, orthogonal, anti-cross and natural pollination combination of four pollination artificial cross-pollination test. Were measured when pollination combination of fruit internal quality (total soluble sugars, protein, amylose, amylopectin and total starch and moisture content) and external quality (fruit weight, quantity, and longitudinal and transverse diameter of the ball, average weight, the fruit traits thorn length, shape, fruit shape, color, etc.) as well as pollen morphology and germination rate. Statistics and Analysis of the measurement results of the various indicators to study chestnut pollen xenia effect on fruit and study different paternal Xenia effect of the strength of each pollination portfolio performance, as well as affect the Xenia effect factors and the correlation between the inclusions. Total soluble sugar content of amylose, amylopectin and total starch and protein content differences between pollination combinations, the inclusion of content between the highest and the lowest combination of pollination difference of 10.72%, 2.03%, 3.68 %, 12.46% and 2.45%, respectively. After all the determination and study results show that: Test chestnut existence of significant pollen direct sense of the phenomenon, and also exists the effect of negative to pollen direct sense, in this test pollen straight sense phenomenon fruit intrinsic quality impact, but fruit external quality big no inherent quality of the fruit, and the only part pollination combinations significantly. Xenia some differences in the strength of the presence of the phenomenon of the same mother plant different varieties of chestnut pollen pollination. Which for combination pollination of the female parent; to Yanlong male parent respectively cloud chestnut on the 15th \pollination combination xenia effect on the intrinsic quality of the fruit; Yanshan red chestnut \the xenia effect is more prominent on the external quality of the fruit. 2 trial of four varieties of chestnut are fried type chestnut, the total starch content is generally less than 50%, generally higher than 12% of the total soluble sugar content, low water content, small fruit type. Yanlong as the female parent and to \Its female parent self-pollinated combination of comprehensive quality compared two groups of pollination combination showed significant pollen xenia effect. Pollination combination with the force from nuts average weight quantitative trait analysis results show that as the highest GCA the paternal pollination portfolio Yanshan red chestnut, a value of 5.455, in the female parent general combining ability to \To general combining high chestnut varieties as male parent or the female parent, the average weight of its pollination combinations knot nuts are relatively high, xenia effect more significantly. 4 chestnut pollen size and chestnut ball bud size and nuts weight has some relevance. Mother plant of the same species, pollination, pollen grains are relatively large chestnut varieties bear the fruit is also relatively large. The Yanshan red chestnut is a four paternal chestnut varieties pollen size, used as the male parent for pollination, the year its pollination combinations fruit also relatively large pending further study, but this degree of correlation confirmed.
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