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1 Background Esophageal Cancer (Esophageal cancer, EC), especially esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, one of the six most common malignancy in the world, has significant regional distribution differences between high and low incidence areas incidence difference of 500 times . Linzhou (formerly Linxian) and adjacent in Anyang, Huixian incidence of esophageal cancer in the world and one of the highest mortality areas. Esophageal cancer is most common in the elderly (≥ 150 years old). However, in recent years, found in the area of ??youth (≤ 40 years) of esophageal cancer is not uncommon, accounting for 3-5% of patients with esophageal cancer incidence, and the incidence tended to increase. Compared with middle-aged patients with esophageal cancer, young patients with esophageal carcinoma poorly differentiated, high incidence of invasive growth and early vascular transfer, the 5-year survival rate, the prognosis is poor, but the molecular changes in the characteristics of youth esophageal carcinogenesis understood very less. But is worth mentioning that the gastric cardia (Gastric cardia adenoearcinoma, GCA) is also one of the most common malignant tumor in the region, which accounted for 1-3% of the gastric cardia in patients Youth cardia cancer incidence. The cardia significant epidemiological characteristics is its consistency of with esophageal regional distribution, as well as its the stomach distal parts of the tumor inconsistencies, molecular changes become relevant in the area of ??youth cardia has rarely been reported. Comparative genomic hybridization (comparative genomic hybridization, CGH) is a fluorescence in situ hybridization technology and digital image analysis combined for the detection of tumor tissue DNA abnormalities (deletion, amplification, copy) of cytogenetic techniques. Use of CGH Technology also receive information oncogene amplification or loss of the tumor suppressor gene. Recent research in the laboratory and other laboratories indicate that DNA copy number changes in the esophagus and gastric cardia frequent occurrence, but the youth esophagus and cardia CGH variation has not been reported. In this study, CGH technology to detect the youth esophageal and gastric cardia genomic DNA copy number increase (gain) loss (loss), changes in the characteristics and laws, and comparison with elderly CGH results in the region, to find and locate and youth esophageal The variable related genes and youth cardia. 2 study of 46 patients with esophageal cancer patients and 24 patients with cardiac cancer patients from the the Linzhou Center Hospital and Yao village esophageal hospital. 46 patients with esophageal cancer, youth esophageal cancer 10 cases (7 male, 3 females, average age 39 ± 1 years); middle-aged esophageal cancer 16 patients (9 men and 7 women, average age years of age 55 ± 4 years old) and elderly esophageal cancer in 20 patients (9 males and 11 females, mean age 64 ± 2 years). Cardia in 24 cases, the youth cardia 9 patients (3 men and 6 women, average age 37 ± 2 years); 10 cases of middle-aged patients with cardiac cancer (8 males, 2 females, mean age 54 ± 5 ??years ); elderly patients with cardiac cancer patients (3 men, 2 women, mean age 67 ± 4 years). All the patients were not receiving preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Intraoperative resection specimens rapidly in liquid nitrogen, then stored at -80 ℃ refrigerator spare. All specimens were pathologically confirmed. Using comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the Green in elderly esophageal and gastric cardia genomic DNA copy number changes, and youth groups, and to compare the results of the middle-aged group. Statistical analysis using X ~ 2 test, significant the sexual level α as 0.05 3 3.1 Youth esophageal and gastric cardia CGH change esophageal cancer: esophageal tissue DNA copy number increase in the higher parts of chromosome 3q, 5p 7p (4/10, 40%), followed by 5q and 8q (3/10, 30% of), while 12p, 13q, 20p frequency is very similar, are 20%, youth esophageal tissue DNA lost. The high position of chromosome 16q (5/10, 50%), 22q (4/10, 40%), 3p, 4p, 4q, and 16p (3/10, 30% of). Gastric cardia: Youth cardiac cancer DNA copy number increase in the higher parts of 12p, 12q, 13q, 19q (4/9, 44%), followed by 5p (3/9, 33%), 5q, 3q again 8q, 15q, 19p (2/9, 22%). The higher part of the youth cardia tissue DNA loss 10q (5/9, 56%), followed by 4q (4/9, 44%), 4p, 10p, 14q, 20q (3/9, 33%), 7q , 18q, 20p (2/9, 22%). 3.2 CGH change of esophageal cancer in elderly esophageal :41-59-year-old middle-aged patients with esophageal cancer amplification of the higher frequency parts order 8q (12/16, 75%), 3q (11/16, 69%), 7q (9/16, 56%), 5p, 7p (8/16, 50%); The loss frequency higher position sequentially 3P (9/16, 56%), 8p, 13P, 13q (7/16, 44 %), 9q (6/16, 38%), 9p (5/16, 31%). Greater than the 60-year-old elderly patients with esophageal cancer amplified frequency parts descending order: 8q (15/20, 75%), 3q (13/20, 65%), 5p (10/20, 50%), 1q (9/20, 45%); loss frequency descending order of 3P (12/20, 60%), 5q, 11q (8/20, 40%), 4p, 9q, 1P (7/20, 35%). Cardia :41-59-year-old middle-aged patients with cardiac cancer amplification of the higher frequency parts order 8q (7/10, 70%), 3q, 20q (5/10, 50%), 7p, 7q, 20p (4 / 10,40%), 2q, 8p (3/10, 30%), 2p, 5p (2/10, 20%); loss of higher frequency parts sequentially 1p and 19p (6/10, 60%), 17p (4/10, 40%), 17q, 19q (3/10, 30%). GCA patients than 60 years older amplification higher frequency parts sequentially: 1q, 6q (3/5, 60%), 1p, 6p, 12q, 18p, 18q, 20p, 20q (2/5, 40% ); loss frequency higher position sequentially: 17p, 19p, 19q (3/5, 60%), 1p, 4p, 6p, 16p, 17q (2/5, 40%). Elderly esophageal and gastric cardia CGH changed 3.3 Green esophageal cancer: Youth esophageal and elderly esophageal common amplification sites, have 3q, 5p, 8q; but missing parts are not very consistent, youth esophagus higher frequency part of it is cancer lost 16q and 22q, and middle-aged of common esophageal lost parts as 3p, 8p, 13p, 13q; elderly esophageal loss frequency parts are 3p, 5q and 11q. Cardia: Youth esophageal CGH results with middle-aged group. Youth cardia common amplification sites 12p, 12q, 13q, 19q, middle-aged cardia more common amplification sites were 8q, 3q, 20q; elderly patients with cardia the common amplification parts of 1q, 6q. Youth cardia common missing parts of 10q, 4q, middle-aged and elderly patients with cardia were 1p, 19p, 17p, 19p, 19q. Esophageal and gastric cardia: youth of esophageal and youth cardia of chromosome change are not identical: youth esophageal common amplification and missing parts were 3q, 5p, 7p and 16q, 22q; youth cardia common amplification and lost The parts were 12p, 12q, 13q, 19q, and 10q, 4q. Middle-aged esophageal and gastric cardia chromosomal changes is not exactly the same: amplification and lost parts common in middle-aged patients with esophageal cancer were 8q, 5p, 3q and 3p. But the the common missing parts of the middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiac cancer 8q, 3q, 20q, 7p, 7q, 20p and 1q, 6q. In elderly patients with cardia common missing parts for 1p, 19p, 17p and 17p, 19p, 19q. 4 Conclusion 4.1 3q, 5p, 7p site may contain oncogene esophageal cancer associated with youth; 16q, 22q might to contain youth esophageal tumor suppressor gene. 4.2 12p, 12q, 13q, 19q may contain youth cardia cancer gene, 10q and 4q may contain youth cardia tumor suppressor gene. 4.3 8q, 3q, 5p site may contain in elderly esophageal cancer gene, 3p may contain a middle-aged esophageal tumor suppressor gene. 4.4 8q, 3q, 20q, 7p, 7q, 20 may contain a middle-aged cardia cancer gene, 1q, 6q elderly patients with cardia cancer gene may contain; 1p, 19p, 17 may contain and middle-aged cardia tumor suppressor gene, 1q, 6q may contain a tumor suppressor gene associated with elderly patients with cardia. 4.5 youth and middle-aged cardia common amplification sites indicate different ages the cardia might have different oncogenes. Different parts of lost youth esophageal and gastric cardia common, suggesting that the different ages of the esophagus and gastric cardia may contain different tumor suppressor genes, providing clues for the occurrence of esophageal and gastric cardia. 4.6 Green elderly esophageal and gastric cardia common amplification and missing parts, The prompted the esophagus and gastric cardia may contain different oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, esophageal and gastric cardia may have different pathogenesis.
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