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Background: The trauma of peripheral nerves is the familiar clinical disease, most of which are caused by force, whatever in war or in common. If it is treated irrelevant, It will cause serious disable of limbs. The major therapy is auto nerve replantment. However, because the nerve which can be replanted is finite, these operations are limited. In recent years, with the development of tissue engineering, multiple repairment of Schwann cells and biomaterial is extensive used experiment method. Schwann cells is important structure and functional cells. And it is main role in regeneration of peripheral nerves, but for the difficulty of source and cultivation in vitro, the usage of it is limited.The success of isolation, purification, amplification and differentiation neural like cells of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）from HUCB（human umbilical cord blood） offer a new seed cells of tissue engineering for repairment of peripheral nerves.Objective: To evaluate the efectiveness of using mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） derived from HUCB（human umbilical cord blood） to a tissue engineered bioartificial nerve on bridging a 10mm sciatic nerve gap. so at to provide the parameter and evidence for clinical application of HUCB MSCs in the future.Methods: 1. HUCB（human umbilical cord blood） was collected from full term deliveries fetal umbilical cord blood, all specimens were obtained sterilelly with preservative-free heparin, the cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated by lymphocyte separation medium, purified and expanded with MesencultTM medium and acidic environment to produce adherent layer（MSCs）.2. Thirty SD female rats were randomly divided into three groups, group A: Human amnion tubes were seeded by mesenchymal stem cells derived from HUCB（human umbilical cord blood） together with fibrin sealant, group B: Human amnion tubes were Seeded only with fibrin sealant, group C: autografts. Nine weeks later, a series of examinations were performed which included morphological, sciatic nerve function index, weight of gastrocnemius, histological staining and immunostaining of S100.Results: The HUCB-derived mononuclear cells, when seeded in specific medium, gave rise to adherent cells, which exhibited either an osteoclast- or mesenchymal-like phenotype. After passage 3, these cells were able to be purified and expanded. At nine weeks after the operations, all the examinations of A group was better than B group（P<0.05）.Conclusion:1. MSCs in HUCB can be isolated , purified cultivated and expanded MesencultTM medium.2. HUCB MSCs can promote the nerve to regenerate in reparing the Sciatic nerve gap.3. HUCB MSCs as seeding cell for peripheral nerve tissue engineerin can be used to repair nerve gap.
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