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Grain hardness is the most important quality traits of wheat, the wheat market is an important basis of the grading and pricing. In order to clarify the agronomic traits of spring wheat varieties in China, the grain hardness the distribution and Puroindoline b (Pinb) allelic variants, optional arguments from the country in winter and spring wheat region of 170 wheat cultivars (lines), planted in 2005 and 2006 in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University teaching and research base, the use of SPSS software, cluster analysis of agronomic traits, with the Perten 4100-type single grain hardness tester (single kernel characterization system, SKCS) and STS (sequence Tagged sites) molecular markers to study grain hardness distribution frequency and the Pinb gene mutation. The main findings are as follows: 1. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 17 winter wheat and 63 spring wheat varieties (lines). The results show that the test the wheat material is divided into three categories, 1 and 3 varieties (lines) and overall performance is better, its height is moderate, the main stem panicle length, effective tillers, single spike grain number and grain weight relatively high; another five varieties (lines), plant height, plant toughness, effective tillers, strong small panicles and single panicle weight low, should not be selected as the hybrid parent. 2. From the National Winter, spring wheat region introduced wheat varieties (lines), test species screened 89 better agronomic traits of spring wheat and 21 the normal heading and seeding winter wheat varieties (lines) Grain hardness and its single grain distribution frequency of . The results showed that the tested wheat varieties (lines) grain hardness ranged from 7 ± 19 to 80 ± 16, divided into three categories 5, soft, hard and mixed type frequencies were 18.0%, 28.1% and 53.9%. Northeast of spring wheat region hard wheat-based northern spring wheat region and the Northwest spring wheat region in mixed type. Spring wheat single grain distribution frequency, soft wheat hardness values ??less than 33 grains accounted for 31% to 98%, higher than the 60 grain accounted for 10% to 95%, the hardness mean ± 16 to 40 ± 13; hard the quality wheat hardness values ??below 33 Grain accounted for 1% to 10%, higher than 60 Grain 23% ~ 94%, the hardness mean of 50 ± 15 to 80 ± 16; hybrid wheat hardness values ??below 33 and above 60 The grain ratio close to 11% to 53% and 11% to 48%, respectively, the the hardness mean of 29 ± 27 to 56 ± 21. Northern Spring area and Northwest spring wheat region of wheat grain weight and particle size compared to other wheat growing areas (other than spring wheat region of Xinjiang). Soft, hard and hybrid winter wheat frequencies were 47.6%, 23.8% and 28.6%, respectively. 3. Application STS Identification of Molecular Markers Pinb-D1a and Pinb-D1b gene, for detection of 104 varieties, Pinb-D1a gene 73 varieties, including 20 soft, 20 hard and 33 mixed; PINB- D1b 26 mutant varieties, including soft, hard, and 14 mixed. Gansu spring 15 and P187 were not detected Pinb-D1a and Pinb-D1B gene, S-51 / cloud, Shen Free 90 and Pu excellent 9175 Pinb-D1a and Pinb-D1B gene detected. In 38 spring wheat strains, 12 soft and 8 mixed detected the Pinb-D1A gene; 14 copies soft and hybrid detected in Pinb-D1b gene.
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