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With the development of Earth Science in 21st Century, Quantification, Digital Technology, Information and Network become the new cognition ways of earth for us. Many researches of earth issues need space information as basis, modern information technology as instrument, computer and communications technology as basic platform. Due to the above factors, researches can be reasonably and efficiently developed. Based on the current information technology in the applications of geography, the collation and analysis of typical technology and theoretical methods, from the point of view on history development, look on the applications of new science technology on the geography and the function to the ancient subject of geography.First, through the collation and coordinate of data, illustrate the birth and development of GIS, the signification of GIS, subject status and the theory, methodology and technology system. The above information makes a good indication to the following article. Second, mainly illustrate the background, development history of GIS, and the applications of GIS in domestic and abroad situations.At the same time, forward-looking on the development manners of GIS and make examples to explain the applications of GIS on Geological Survey and disaster. Finally, base on the relationship between Geological Science and Sustainable Development, important challenges of Geological Science meet in 21st Century and so on, illustrate the important relationship between Geological Science and Social Economy. Arouse people to enhance the connection between Geological Science and Sustainable Development. Use the developing Information Science Technology to develop the Geological Science. At the same time, we should treat well the relationship between Geological Science and Sustainable Development.
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