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Cultural heritage protection, is one of the important issues of concern in today's Anthropology / Ethnology. Naxi Ancient Music has a unique cultural personality, has been lost in history, origin and prevalence of Han nationality and social, has been preserved in the southwest border of Lijiang Naxi areas inhabited, in the promotion of local knowledge and Naxi folk wisdom, this after hundreds of years of accumulated musical form and cultural phenomenon, the face of the rise of contemporary ethnic minority areas of tourism and prosperity, inevitably choose to express their voice through the demands of modern development and cultural production and reproduction process. Therefore, the process of fight in the ethnic identity of mainstream discourse, concern Inheritance and Protection of the Naxi ancient music is extremely useful exploration. Case study of Naxi Ancient Music, select the Dayan Naxi Ancient Music for the tourism market of industrial management as a field mainline, and the long water ancient music rooted in the local community as a field auxiliary lines, two music the reality of the development process, the status quo and ancient music artists who habitats depth fieldwork and oral history recording, and analysis of the interaction between the Naxi Ancient Music and tourists, the local government, rural clubs, giving rise to the Naxi ancient musical heritage and the protection of the thinking of a number of issues. This paper argues that national culture should stick to authentic folk heritage and protection of the road, not only conducive to the protection and inheritance of Cultural Authenticity, to ensure the dynamism and vitality of the national culture, but also conducive to to evoke cultural subjects of their own national culture, re- understanding, and enhance cultural self-confidence and cultural awareness; addition, cultural heritage protection is still to some extent by the \The text includes the following sections: Introduction: questions based on combing the research status and dynamic define the key concepts used in the text, and selected two fields point overview. Second, the first chapter: expounded on the historical origins of the Naxi ancient music and music features, analysis of the historical changes of the liberation Hou Naxi ancient music and heritage context that every cultural policy, national policy adjustment in the national context, affect ancient music which forms in the minority society continue to survive. Second: to Lijiang tourism development as background, in-depth fieldwork Dayan Naxi Ancient Music will long water ancient music its artists who, from the nature of the clubs, the managers of the clubs, the members of the Club played occasions, repertoire, facing the audience, the activities of the clubs, membership requirements, artists income comparative analysis of the experience of current Naxi ancient music heritage protection inadequacies. Chapter IV: ancient music from the \V. Conclusion: summarize and clarify the point of view of cultural heritage protection, that we should take the folk heritage of the road, and to pay attention to the \
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