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Biodiversity is sustainable biosphere ecology frontier. Mammal species diversity is an important part of the biodiversity. Hengduan Mountains is one of the key areas of the distribution of biodiversity, species diversity is extremely rich. So far, the mammal species diversity of the region and its conservation biology is still lack of systematic research. Hengduan Mountains in southern Yunnan plateau nine National Nature Reserve in the southern foot of the mammalian objects, its classification and cataloging of species, determination of the spatial pattern of species distribution, floristic composition and characteristics; aims to explore mammalian habitat the role of environmental factors of the relationship between the structure and quality of space and mammal species richness, analysis mammal habitat size, shape, site vegetation types, latitudinal gradient, altitude, temperature and precipitation of their species richness; reveal mammal species The diversity of its habitat fragmentation, plaques landscape heterogeneity, and the mode of reaction of human activities, to provide a theoretical basis for predicting species diversity changes in trends and to explore its Conservation Biology. The main findings and conclusions are as follows: Hengduan Mountains in southern Yunnan plateau nine National Nature Reserve in the southern foot of the mammal, a total of 278 species (subspecies) belonging to 11 orders, 39 families, 135 genera. Its dominant of rodents (37 genera and 95 species), Chiroptera (24 genera, 59 species) and Carnivora (32 genera, 42 species); Insectivora sub-dominant mesh (17 genera and 39 species), Artiodactyla (12 genera and 21 species), primates (4 genera and 14 species) and rabbit-shaped head (2 genera, 9 species); rare groups as tree shrews head (1 genus, species), Proboscidea (1 case 1 species), the Perissodactyla (1 genus, 1) and scutes Head (1 case, 2). 62 kinds of rare and protected species, accounting for 1/3 of the mammals of protected species in China. Among them, 22 kinds of national Ⅰ protected species, 21 kinds of endangered species. Most the rare species distribution by the the Xishuangbanna and Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, 39 and 33, respectively. Research of the National Nature Reserve mammals floristic composition, mainly to Japan sector component 212 times for widely distributed species (36 species), the Palaearctic species 20, at least for the Ancient North - Japan Total species (17 species); the Division level taxa distribution type 10 categories. Mainly Old World tropical, subtropical and temperate distribution type sub-type, 9 subjects; followed by the Himalayas, southern China - Southeast Asia tropical type, within six families. The species distribution patterns of 10 categories of tropical and subtropical distribution type (100 species) and unique (73 species) Abstract advantage; marginal distribution many main features, namely research geographical mammal species flora. In the family, genus and species order, a different Nature Reserve mammals floristic similarity pattern reveals floristic similarity exponent from the protected areas are different, adjacent to protected areas, similar to the index of its flora contrary, protected areas from the Grand, its floristic similarity index. Among them, the similar distance Wuliangshan the Ailaoshan minimum distance larger Baima Snow Mountain and Xishuangbanna. The spatial structure of National Nature Reserve in southern Yunnan plateau and mammal species richness spatial distribution is closely related. Species richness with increasing the area of ??protected areas, were the changes in the \Medium-sized mammal species richness increases with increasing habitat area, that is a positive correlation between the protected area with large and medium-sized mammal species richness; The dominant minor species richness in habitat area equal. Nature Reserve in mammalian species richness of different shapes have obvious differences. The plaque shaped habitat of the most species-rich, narrow shape, followed by at least rectangle. Nature Reserve mammal species richness with the habitat forest cover area showed significant changes in forest cover, the habitat of the species, the number increases, and vice versa, vice versa, changes in the \Study the geographical nature reserve of environmental factors have a direct impact on the distribution of mammal species richness. The low latitudes distribution of the number of species more latitude richest in the high-latitude regions, the least number of mammalian species. Also significant changes in the number of mammalian species with altitude. Lt; 1000M low altitude of the geographical distribution of the number of species at least; in altitude Z000M geographical, number of species; increased the number of species is decreasing with altitude to altitude gt; 4000M, the number of species to a minimum. The nature reserve species richness tended to increase with increasing ambient temperature. The number of species on the annual average temperature in January the average temperature and the average temperature in July is basically similar reaction pattern. Habitat fragmentation degree of mammal species richness distribution are closely related. Nature Reserve 16-class landscape Tongbiguan, subtropical broad-leaved forest patches up distribution of mammal species; plaque landscape fragmentation and the distribution of the number of mammal species are inconsistent, which, Longchuan spot block fragmentation, only 64 species of mammals, times the Ruili plaque piece number of species 85, the Yingjiang plaque broken minimum, summary of the distribution of mammals, 140 species; landscape diversity , evenness and dominance of the number of mammal species relationship pattern similar to that landscape diversity, evenness, dominance of the plaque, its number of mammal species. Different Nature Reserve on the bearing capacity of the mammalian significant difference. Maximum Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve area of ??occupied habitat of each species 2686ha, times Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve in Xishuangbanna, mammalian carrying capacity 1981ha / species 1918ha / species; Nangunhe and Daweishan The Nature Reserve smallest respectively 98 ha / Species and 179ha / species. The vegetation of the study geographical nature reserve covering an area of ??mammalian herbivores species richness directly related. Forest cover, rich habitat herbivorous species. Nine nature reserves, forest cover change, herbivorous species, omnivorous species of carnivorous ratio of about 3:2:1. The Gaoligongshan mesh natural protected areas, forest cover area, habitat J, herbivorous species is most abundant (73 species), copper wall Sekime of natural protected areas (63 species) and Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve (58 species). The southern Yunnan Plateau National Nature Reserve mammalian species richness is basically stable, but the South China tiger, leopard, snow leopard, golden cat and the Sumatran rhino is still in endangered status. Times for less money and class activities of hunting, deforestation, reclamation and illegal trade is a threat to the nature reserve mammalian survival of the species and its habitat, destruction of major disaster due.
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