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With the development of market economy and the urbanization process, a large number of rural surplus labor has transferred to cities since1980s in China, resulting in a large number of transient population. The transient children education problem has already become the hot point in our transitional society nowadays.This paper uses Wenzhou No.39 Middle School, a migrant school in Wenzhou, as a case study, analyzes the current situation of the transient children’s mathematics study by research methods such as academic analysis, classroom observation, personal interviews and questionnaires, and has found some problems such as the overall low level of mathematics learning, being inattentive in class and lack of hard working. This paper also looks into the reasons in four aspects: students, teachers, families and society. The main reasons are students’weak learning motivation, lack of learning interest and basic knowledge, unscientific learning methods, improper attribution, lack of communication and concern of teachers, impact of social evils and educational policy deficiencies.To improve the mathematics learning the author provides some suggestions. First, develop students’strong learning motivation to stimulate their learning interest, strengthen the ideal life education, mathematical concept education, create success experience, and use encouraging evaluation. Second, strengthen the instruction of learning methods, develop their own effective study method and good study habits. Third, carry out hierarchical and individualized teaching. Every student learns useful and necessary mathematical knowledge. Different students get different development in math. Fourth, insist on mathematical diary and build good communication. Mathematical diary can not only be good for students’learning ability development but also increase the communication between students and teachers through teachers’evaluation and therefore promote their emotional development.
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